The rate of nucleoside transport decreased profoundly in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells after myeloid differentiation was induced by 5-6 days of exposure to 0.8% N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The facilitated diffusion of 100 microM radiolabeled adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine, measured by rapid transport assays, decreased 10- to 20-fold. The transport of 2 microM coformycin or 2'-deoxy...

The threshold at which toxins induce cell death is thought to directly relate to the amount of injury sustained. We show that the threshold at which a cell initiates toxin-induced death may vary in response to changes in the trophic environment Treatment of Rat-i fibroblasts with 50—175 mM dimethylformamide (DMF) induced cell death by apoptosis. Addition of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-i...

Objectives To investigate the immune response to vaccinations in patients with relapsing forms of MS treated with delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF) vs nonpegylated interferon (IFN). Methods In this open-label, multicenter study, patients received 3 vaccinations: (1) tetanus-diphtheria toxoid (Td) to test T-cell-dependent recall response, (2) pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent to test T-cel...

We herein describe a coordination polymer system built upon the reactions of a W/Cu/S cluster precursor [Et4N][Tp*WS3(CuBr)3] (1, Tp* = hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate) with three equivalents of CuCN through solvent modulation. Four coordination polymers, namely, [Tp*WS3Cu3(μ3-DMF)(CN)3Cu(Py)] (2), [Tp*WS3Cu3(μ3-DMF)(CN)3Cu] (3), [Tp*WS3Cu3(μ3-DMF)(CN)3Cu]·4aniline (4·4aniline) and ...

When a group comes together to pursue a goal, how should the group interact? Both theory and practice show no single organization always performs best; the best organization depends on context. Therefore, a group should adapt how it interacts to fit the situation. In a Multi-Agent System (MAS), a Decision-Making Framework (DMF) specifies the allocation of decision-making and action-execution re...

A series of new group 2 coordination polymers, MgL ={MgL(H2O)(DMF)0.75}∞, CaL = {CaL(DMF)2}∞, SrL = {SrL(H2O)0.5}∞ and BaL = {BaL(H2O)0.5}∞, were synthesized using a flexible benzimidazolone diacetic acid linker (H2L) in which the two carboxylic acid binding sites are connected to a planar core via {-CH2-} spacers that can freely rotate in solution. In a 'curiosity-led' diversion from group 2 m...

BACKGROUND Recent data suggest that lymphopenia is more prevalent than reported in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients taking dimethyl fumarate (DMF). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of DMF on lymphocyte subtypes in RRMS patients with and without lymphopenia. METHOD A retrospective study compared lymphocyte subtypes in DMF-treated RRMS ...

The responses of unfed plateau-phase cultures of two clonal subpopulations of cells (clones A and D) from a human colon adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) to X-irradiation were examined in detail either as control cultures or after growth in medium containing the differentiating agent N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 0.8%, three passages). Specifically, the cultures were studied with regard to their ability to ...

The present paper describes a case of shoe contact dermatitis from DMF identified by the Poison Control Centre of Milan (PCCM), Italy, in 2009. A 35 year old woman was affected by irritant reactions while wearing shoes contaminated with DMF. Exposure to these shoes was limited to a 8 hour period and was not repeated. In the following days the patient suffered feet blistering and swelling limite...

Good dispersion of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in the polymer matrix is one of the key factors to obtaining good properties in the resulting nanocomposites. However, the preparation of individually dispersed CNCs in solvents or in polymer matrices has been a challenge. In this study, individually dispersed wood-based CNCs have been successfully prepared in solvents, including dimethylformamid...