Overloading is a method to extend capacity limitation of multiple access techniques. The system becomes overloaded, when the number of users exceeds the signal dimensions. One of the efficient schemes to overload a CDMA system is to use two sets of orthogonal signal waveforms (O/O). In this paper, the BER performance of a new overloading scheme using scrambled orthogonal Gold code (OG/OG) sets ...

We report on the design, fabrication and performance of a matching integrated optical CDMA encoder-decoder pair based on holographic Bragg reflector technology. Simultaneous encoding/decoding operation of two multiple wavelength-hopping time-spreading codes was successfully demonstrated and shown to support two error-free OCDMA links at OC-24. A double-pass scheme was employed in the devices to...

-In wireless optical system, CDMA suits well for high bit rate systems where good security is needed and mobility is not important. It would be economical when compared to radio frequency band and much safer since there is no electromagnetic effect. Infrared systems are used for its widest bandwidth and are not affected by radio transmission. The advantage of the prime code and the security iss...

An optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) network for radio-over-fiber (RoF) transmissions was proposed. The network encoders/decoders (codecs) were structured based on arrayed-waveguide-grating (AWG) routers coded using modified prime codes (MPCs). In the proposed system, the lower in-phase cross correlation could reduce the beating noise, and in the proposed study, its performance was ...

We present a novel multiple access scheme for Passive Optical Networks (PON) based on optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA). Different from existing proposals for implementing OCDMA, we replaced the predominating orthogonal or weakly correlated signature codes (e.g. Walsh-Hadamard codes (WHC)) by convolutional codes. Thus CDMA user separation and forward error correction (FEC) are combi...

This Paper focuses on the effect on BER, Eye Height and Q-factor for four user OCDMA system with varying jitter. Performance of this system has been evaluated in terms of bit error rate, eye height and Q-factor with jitter varying from 0 pico-seconds to 0.7 pico-seconds in steps of 0.1 pico-seconds. Simulations were carried out from the simulator available from Gigasoft,

This paper investigates the avalanche photodiode (APD) gain effect on spectral-amplitude coding optical code-division multiple-access (SAC-OCDMA) system using a modified-AND subtraction detection in comparison to the conventional AND detection scheme. Analytical results are presented to investigate the APD gain impact on the bit-error rate (BER) performance. In addition, we confirm the influenc...

—A novel code construction algorithm is presented to find all the possible code families for code reconfiguration in an OCDMA system. The algorithm is developed through searching all the complete subgraphs of a constructed graph. The proposed algorithm is flexible and practical for constructing optical orthogonal codes (OOCs) of arbitrary requirement. Simulation results show that one should cho...

A queuing subsystem is proposed to the round robin receiver/transmitter (RT ) optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) protocol. The corresponding state diagram and its mathematical model are outlined. We prove that significant improvement in terms of system throughput and blocking probability can be achieved by only adding a single buffer at each user node. Furthermore, the modified RT pr...

هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی مقایسه اثربخشی گروه درمانی شناختی – رفتاری و ذهن ­آگاهی مبتنی بر شناخت کاهش رفتارهای پرخطر در معتادان ترک افیونی صورت گرفت. روش: روش این شبه آزمایشی طرح پیش آزمون پس همراه کنترل است. جامعه­ی آماری شامل کلیه افراد وابسته به مواد مراجعه کننده مرکز اعتیاد شبکه بهداشت درمان شهرستان سرپل ذهاب نیمه اول سال 1396 بود، نمونه­ گیری دسترس تعداد 36 نفر تشخیص وابستگی اساس معیاره...