Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can self-renew or differentiate into any cell type, a phenomenon known as pluripotency. Distinct pluripotent states, termed naive and primed pluripotency, have been described. However, the mechanisms that control naive-primed pluripotent transition are poorly understood. Here, we perform a targeted screen for kinase inhibitors, which modulate the naive-primed pluripo...

Immunizations early in life, when the host is most susceptible to infection, allow protective immunological memory to develop. Decreasing the dose of Cas-Br-E murine leukemia virus when priming neonatal mice results in adult-like, Type 1 protective responses, but the resulting memory cell populations are smaller than after adult priming. After secondary challenge, virus-specific CD8+ memory cel...

We report the case of a male patient presenting in his 50s with ptosis, facial and distal limb muscle weakness, clinical electrical myotonia, prior history cataract extraction. He had dominant family keeping similar phenotype. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 was clinically suspected. Triplet-primed polymerase chain reaction diagnostic laboratory did not identify typical CTG repeat expansion on two se...

BACKGROUND World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended individuals with increased risk of contracting influenza A H5N1 infection to be immunized against the virus during the inter-pandemic period. Safety and immunogenicity of H5N1 vaccine among participants primed with homologous or heterologous H5N1 vaccines produced by diverse manufactures have not been reported. METHODS Healthy individ...

The characteristics of CD8 1 T cells responsible for memory responses are still largely unknown. Particularly, it has not been determined whether different activation thresholds distinguish naive from memory CD8 1 T cell populations. In most experimental systems, heterogeneous populations of primed CD8 1 T cells can be identified in vivo after immunization. These cells differ in terms of cell c...

LPS tolerance has been investigated extensively in monocytes/macrophages. However, the LPS restimulation studies are not well documented in dendritic cells (DCs). In the present study, we investigated influences of TLR restimulation using murine bone marrow-derived DCs. Purified bone marrow-derived DCs (>98% CD11c+ B220-) were stimulated with TLR4 and TLR2 ligands for 24 h and then cultured wit...

In the present work, we investigated the phylogenetic position and phenotypic characteristics of eight yeast isolates collected from migratory birds on the island of Ustica, Italy. A phylogenetic analysis based on the D1/D2 region of the large-subunit rRNA gene showed that all isolates clustered as a single separate lineage within the Wickerhamomyces clade. They exhibited distinct morphological...

A polyanionic supramolecular assembly (1) is shown to catalytically cyclize the monoterpene citronellal and two homologues. In contrast to cyclization in acidic aqueous solution, the hydrophobic interior of 1 prevents the capture of reactive intermediates by water. This effect was also observed in the gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of an enyne. Due to the steric confinement of the catalyst's...

We investigated the first-order inputs to contour-shape mechanisms using the shape-frequency after-effect (SFAE), in which adaptation to a sinusoidally modulated contour causes a shift in the apparent shape-frequency of a test contour in a direction away from that of the adapting stimulus [Kingdom F. A. A., & Prins N. (2005a). Different mechanisms encode the shapes of contours and contour-textu...