Phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) during the G1-phase of the mammalian cell division cycle is currently believed to be a controlling element regulating the passage of cells into S-phase. We find, however, that the suspension-grown cell lines U937, L1210, and MOLT-4 contain exclusively hyperphosphorylated Rb. Furthermore, when adherent NIH3T3 cells are grown at very low densitie...

The synthetic multivulva (synMuv) genes negatively regulate Ras-mediated vulval induction in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The synMuv genes define three classes, A, B, and C, such that double mutants carrying mutations in genes of any two classes are multivulva. The class B synMuv genes include lin-35, a homolog of the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor gene, as well as homologs of gen...

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Normally, cell cycle progression is tightly coupled to the accumulation of cell mass; however, the mechanisms whereby proliferation and cell growth are linked are poorly understood. We have identified cyclin (Cyc)D2, a G(1) cyclin implicated in mediating S phase entry, as a potential regulator of hypertrophic growth in adult post mitotic myocardium. To examine the role of CycD2 and its downstre...

In this study, we identified and determined the content of phenolic compounds in Lilium candidum adventitious bulbs formed vitro. HPLC analysis revealed presence four acids: chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic acid. Phenolic acid was assessed vitro on media supplemented with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs at 25, 50, 75 mg/L) under fluorescent light (FL) or darkness (D). The second expe...

For any m, 2 ≤ m <∞, we construct an ergodic dynamical system having spectral multiplicity m and infinite rank. Given r > 1, 0 < b < 1 such that rb > 1 we construct a dynamical system (X,B, μ, T ) with simple spectrum such that r(T ) = r, F ∗(T ) = b, and #C(T )/wcl{Tn : n ∈ Z} =∞.

The retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor acts with a number of chromatin cofactors in a wide range of species to suppress cell proliferation. The Caenorhabditis elegans retinoblastoma gene and many of these cofactors, called synMuv B genes, were identified in genetic screens for cell lineage defects caused by growth factor misexpression. Mutations in many synMuv B genes, including lin-35/Rb, al...

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of the fluorescent dye rhodamine B (RB) for interfacial micromorphology analysis of dental composite restorations on water sorption/solubility (WS/WSL) and microtensile bond strength to dentin (µTBS) of a 3-step total etch and a 2-step self-etch adhesive system. MATERIAL AND METHODS The adhesives Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (MP) and Clearfil SE ...

A Monte Carlo simulation exploring uncertainties in standard stellar evolution theory on the red giant branch of metal-poor globular clusters has been conducted. Confidence limits are derived on the absolute V -band magnitude of the bump in the red giant branch luminosity function (MV,b) and the excess number of stars in the bump, Rb. The analysis takes into account uncertainties in the primord...

Acetylcholine (ACh) is a major retinal neurotransmitter that modulates visual processing through a large repertoire of cholinergic receptors expressed on different retinal cell types. ACh is released from starburst amacrine cells (SACs) under scotopic conditions, but its effects on cells of the rod pathway have not been investigated. Using whole-cell patch clamp recordings in slices of rat reti...