Activation of the PDGF receptor on human arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) induces migration and proliferation via separable signal transduction pathways. Sphingosine-l-phosphate (Sph-l-P) can be formed following PDGF receptor activation and therefore may be implicated in PDGF-receptor signal transduction. Here we show that Sph-l-P does not significantly affect PDGF-induced DNA synthesis, prol...

In this paper, a 3D Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulator for modeling grain scale fluid flow in porous rock is presented. The versatility of the SPH method has driven its use in increasingly complex areas of flow analysis, including flows related to porous rock for both groundwater and petroleum reservoir research. Previous approaches to such problems using SPH have involved the use of...

Modulation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) activity by sphingomyelin (SPH), ceramide (Cer), and cholesterol (Chol) was investigated in CHO-2B cells activated by the calcium ionophore A23187 and epinephrine. Chol depletion of CHO-2B cells by treatment with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (5 mm) resulted in the inhibition of the release of arachidonic acid whereas the restoration of the level ...

The spatial relationship of exocytosis and endocytosis in motor nerve terminals has been explored, with varied results, mostly in fixed preparations and without direct information on the utilization of each exocytic site. We sought to determine these spatial properties in real time using synaptopHluorin (spH) and FM4-64. Earlier we showed that nerve stimulation elicits the appearance of spH flu...

Expression of the chicken U4B small nuclear RNA (snRNA) gene is stimulated by a transcriptional enhancer located approximately 190-227 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. This enhancer is composed of at least two functional motifs: an octamer (binding site for Oct-1) and an SPH motif. We now report that these two motifs functionally cooperate to stimulate U4B snRNA gene express...

Objective: Sinistral, or left-sided, portal hypertension (SPH) is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. This retrospective analysis summarizes the clinical features of SPH and the results of surgical treatment. Subjects and Methods: Between 2000 and 2009, patients from our hospital diagnosed with SPH were identified. Diagnosis of SPH was based on evidence of isolated splenic vein t...

BACKGROUND We investigated the hypothesis that postconditioning by FTY720 (FTY) in isolated perfused mouse hearts is independent of the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) pathway. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ex vivo hearts were exposed to postconditioning (POST) by either ischemia or FTY720. Protection against ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury was measured by recovery of left ventricular developed pressur...

Cellular cation homeostasis in mouse erythrocytes with defective membrane skeletons was examined in three mouse mutants, hemolytic anemia (sphha/sphha), spherocytosis (sph/sph), and normoblastosis (nb/nb), and compared with reticulocytes produced by repetitive bleeding of congenic normal mice. To assess reticulocyte maturity, nucleic acid and transferrin receptor contents were measured by fluor...

We propose a novel SPH formulation for deformable solids. Key aspects of our method are implicit elastic forces and an adapted SPH formulation for the deformation gradient that—in contrast to previous work—allows a rotation extraction directly from the SPH deformation gradient. The proposed implicit concept is entirely based on linear formulations. As a linear strain tensor is used, a rotation-...