Microglial cells in the brains of Alzheimer's patients are known to be recruited to amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques where they exhibit an activated phenotype, but are defective for plaque removal by phagocytosis. In this study, we show that microglia stressed by exposure to sodium arsenite or Aβ(1-42) peptides or fibrils form extensive stress granules (SGs) to which the tyrosine kinase, SYK, is recru...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of treating scars with microporous paper tape or silicone gel sheeting (SGS) in preventing hypertrophic scarring. METHODS Forty hypertrophic scars were induced in a validated rabbit ear model. Wounds were randomized and bandaged for 30 days with either SGS (20 wounds), paper tape (20 wounds), or untreated controls (40 wounds). Two outcome measures of h...

Of the four syntaxins specialized for exocytosis, syntaxin (Syn)-2 is the least understood. In this study, we used Syn-2/epimorphin knockout mice to examine the role of Syn-2 in insulin secretory granule (SG) exocytosis. Unexpectedly, Syn-2 knockout mice exhibited paradoxical superior glucose homeostasis resulting from an enhanced insulin secretion. This was confirmed in vitro by pancreatic isl...

Stress granules (SGs) are compartmentalized messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) where translationally repressed mRNAs are stored when cells encounter environmental stress. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein (CPEB)4 is a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein and translational regulator. In keeping with the results obtained from the study of other RNA-binding proteins, ...

The formation of spatial genetic structure (SGS) may originate from different patterns of seed deposition in the landscape, and is mostly determined by seed dispersal limitation. After dispersal, mechanisms such as filtering by environmental factors or attack by herbivores/pathogens throughout plant development stages, and potentially either disrupt or intensify SGS patterns. We investigated ho...

Stress granules (SGs) are an important component of cellular stress response. Compromised assembly of SGs as well as their premature or delayed disassembly affect physiology and survival of cells under stress or during recovery from stress. Consequently, abnormal turnover of SGs has been implicated in the development of various pathologies, including neurodegeneration. We found that pretreatmen...

Large-eddy simulation (LES) has become an effective research tool for the atmospheric bound¬ary layer (ABL) and probably the most in the atmospheric surface layer LES suffers from inherent underresolution and poor subgrid-scale (SGS) model performance. To develop improved SGS models a methodology for testing model perfor¬mance is needed. Previous tests rely on comparing the modeled and measured...

The expression of Sgs genes in the salivary gland of the third instar larva of Drosophila is a spatially restricted response to signalling by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. For Sgs-4, we have previously demonstrated that its strictly tissue and stage-specific expression is the result of combined action of the ecdysone receptor and secretion enhancer binding proteins (SEBPs). One of the...

Spatial genetic structure (SGS) within populations was analyzed for the ling-lived understory perennial herb Trillium camschatcense using allozyme loci. We used Sp statistics to compare SGS between 2 life-history stages, juveniles (J) and reproductives (R), as well as between 2 populations, continuous and fragmented, with different habitat conditions. In the continuous population, significant S...

T-cell internal antigen-1 (TIA-1) has roles in regulating alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA translation, and stress granule (SG) formation in human cells. As an evolutionarily conserved response to environmental stress, SGs have been reported in various species. However, SG formation in chicken cells and the role of chicken TIA-1 (cTIA-1) in SG assembly has not been elucidated. In the present...