1 Medical Student, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Gastrohepatology Group. Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia. email: crivargas@ gmail.com 2 Gastrointestinal Surgeon and Endoscopist, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia. Professor of Surgery, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Medellín, Colombia. Gastrohepatology Group. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colo...

BACKGROUND Determining the primary site of metastatic cancer with confidence can be challenging. Pathologists commonly use a battery of immunohistochemical (IHC) stains to determine the primary site. Gene expression profiling (GEP) has found increasing use, particularly in the most difficult cases. In this pilot study, a direct comparison between GEP and IHC-guided methods was performed. METH...

Finding functions whose accuracies change significantly between two classes is an interesting work. In this paper, this kind of functions is defined as class contrast functions. As Gene Expression Programming (GEP) can discover essential relations from data and express them mathematically, it is desirable to apply GEP to mining such class contrast functions from data. The main contributions of ...

In this paper, optimal generation expansion planning (GEP) is investigated considering purchase prices, profits of independent power producers (IPPs) and reliability criteria using a new method based on hybrid coded Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In this approach, optimal purchase price of each IPP is obtained by HCGA and reliability criteria are calculated by PSO...

Gene Expression Programming (GEP) is a new evolutionary algorithm that incorporates both the idea of simple, linear chromosome of fixed length used in Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and the ramified structure of different sizes and shapes used in Genetic Programming (GP). Same as other genetic programming algorithms, GEP has difficulty finding appropriate numeric constants for terminal nodes in the e...

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are composed of cells with a neuroendocrine phenotype. The old and the new WHO classifications distinguish between well-differentiated and poorly differentiated neoplasms. All well-differentiated neoplasms, regardless of whether they behave benignly or develop metastases, will be called neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), and graded G1 (Ki67...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and clinical significance of oncofetal protein insulin-like growth factor (IGF) II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) in the differentiation of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (GEP-NEN). A total of 162 patients who were diagnosed with GEP-NEN, and who underwent surgical or endoscopic resection from January 2006 to March 20...

Purpose: Aurora kinases play a crucial role in cell-cycle control. Uncontrolled expression of aurora kinases causes aneuploidy and tumor growth. As conservative treatment options for advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET) are disappointing, aurora kinases may be an interesting target for novel therapeutic strategies. Experimental Design: Human GEP-NETs were tested for a...

Carbon dioxide fluxes were examined over the growing seasons of 2002 and 2003 from 14 different sites in Upper Midwest (USA) to assess spatial variability of ecosystem–atmosphere CO2 exchange. These sites were exposed to similar temperature/precipitation regimes and spanned a range of vegetation types typical of the region (northern hardwood, mixed forest, red pine, jack pine, pine barrens and ...