Abstract This study examines the symmetric and asymmetric impact of public debt on economic growth in Côte d'Ivoire using time series data from 1972 to 2021. The analyses were performed both linear nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models. also utilised bounds F-test for cointegration, Brock-Dechert-Scheinkman (BDS) nonlinearity test, Wald test asymmetries. findings provide suppor...

In an economic crisis, countries often apply austerity measures in many areas, and the health system emerges as one of important areas which these are implemented. crises, responses, generally given by short-term changes policies, also indicate effects crises on system. Therefore, influences significantly affect population individual. Decisions care may protect from but contrary, lead to worsen...

In this study, the causality links between electricity consumption and economic growth are investigated for Turkey, the United Kingdom, Spain, Belgium and United States covering the period from 1964 to 2014. The results of autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, bounds testing and error correction model show that there is a positive one-way and statistically significant causality moving...

T he main objective of this paper was the investigation of the impact of the trade openness on economic growth in Pakistan. We have been employed both the Johensen and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Co-integration together with ECM Techniques for the period 1975-2016. The empirical estimated results are the sound evidence that there exists a short...

This study examines the growth effects of real exchange rate (RER) misalignment and capital flight in Turkey during period 1981-2019. The World Bank’s residual method suggests that is a widespread problem Single Equation Approach adopted to delineate series RER identifies Turkey’s significantly misaligned throughout sample period. Their are then examined using autoregressive distributed lag (AR...

The article provides an empirical assessment of Wagner's Law for Bulgaria, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Hungary, Belgium, Austria, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Denmark, Luxembourg, Finland, Iceland and Norway. relationship between growth rates GDP per capita government expenditures period from first quarter 1999 to second 2017 was modeled using autoregressive ARDL method Bounds test. According...