Anaemia is a common condition in Malaysia, and is mostly due to iron deficiency. In many cases, allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) is administered unnecessarily to treat anaemia. Patient blood management (PBM) is a concept whereby a patient becomes his or her "own blood bank", instead of receiving ABT. The concept encompasses three pillars namely optimising erythropoiesis, minimising blood loss...

BACKGROUND The aim of our single-centre retrospective study presented here is to further analyse the utilisation of allogeneic blood components within a 5-year observation period (2009-2013) in trauma surgery (15,457 patients) under the measures of an educational patient blood management (PBM) initiative. METHODS After the implementation of the PBM initiative in January 2012, the Institute of...

Pharmacy benefit management (PBM) companies are the middlemen of the pharmaceutical industry, designing plans for sponsors and insurers and pushing the products of manufacturers. Their unique position can often create conflicts of interest, which has been the basis of much litigation. This article reviews the structure of the PBM industry and analyzes concerns arising from its handling of presc...

Protein quality is related to amino acid composition and digestibility. Accurate evaluation of apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) nutrients in commonly used feedstuffs paramount for formulating efficient aquafeed. ADCs soybean meal (SBM) poultry by-product (PBM) were evaluated using reference diets formulated with two types ingredients (semi-purified [SP] practical [P]) juvenile Nile ti...

INTRODUCTION: Regurgitation of pancreatic juice into the biliary tract and the subsequent mixing of pancreatic juice with bile is frequently observed in patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM), which is a potential risk factor for the carcinogenesis of bile duct and gallbladder [1]. The mixing of pancreatic juice with bile is generally detected by measuring the amylase activity in bi...

This paper discusses a novel approach towards socializing non-anthropomorphic robots, which harnesses the expert knowledge of dancers to develop abstract robot morphologies and their capacity to move in affective and expressive ways. We argue that movement offers a key to socializing non-anthropomorphic robots. Our Performative Body Mapping (PBM) method investigates the possibility of teaching ...

In plasmas with strong shape and large pedestal width, like DIII-D high poloidal-beta discharges, the eigenvalue spectrum of peeling ballooning mode (PBM) is shown to shift very low-n regime near one, where n toroidal number. This peeling-type has a further = 1, thus being smoothly connected 1 external kink (EKM), as normalized beta (βN) increases. Once this connection occurs, takes mixture for...

Pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) is an unusual anomalous condition in which the pancreatic duct and bile duct merge outside the duodenal wall and form a long common channel. Pancreas divisum (PD) is a congenital anomaly in which the dorsal and ventral pancreatic ducts fail to fuse. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the gold standard for diagnosing PD and magnetic reso...

Although the World Health Organization has endorsed Patient blood management (PBM) in 2010 many hospitals still seek guidance with implementation of PBM clinical routine. This article presents how a Himalayan country; Nepal collaborate to form task force develop recommendation implementing practice for improved outcomes.