Complexation characteristics of 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane (18-crown-6, 18C6) with Li+ and K+ in a hydrophobic ionic liquid of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide under dry and humid conditions at 298.2 K were studied by 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts. The comparison of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts of 18C6 molecule between the dry and humid IL solutions w...

ν = q · P M = E − E is the lepton’s energy loss in the nucleon rest frame (in earlier literature sometimes ν = q · P ). Here, E and E′ are the initial and final lepton energies in the nucleon rest frame. Q = −q2 = 2(EE′−−→k · −→k )−ml −ml′ where ml(ml′) is the initial (final) lepton mass. If EE′ sin(θ/2) ≫ m2l , m2l′ , then ≈ 4EE′ sin(θ/2), where θ is the lepton’s scattering angle with respect ...

Individuals with the 18q- syndrome have variable deletions from the long arm of chromosome 18. They also exhibit a highly variable phenotype. To correlate genotype with phenotype accurately, extensive molecular and phenotypic analyses are needed on each affected individual. As a part of this analysis, we have determined the parental origin of the deleted chromosome in 34 individuals with the 18...

We report that clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, accumulation of neutrophils, and synthesis of tumor necrosis factor alpha and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 in the infected lung were not largely different in interleukin-18 (IL-18) knockout or transgenic mice compared with control mice. Our results suggest a limited role for IL-18 in the host defense against P. aeruginosa.

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. Similar to IL-1β, IL-18 is synthesized as an inactive precursor requiring processing by caspase-1 into an active cytokine but unlike IL-1β, the IL-18 precursor is constitutively present in nearly all cells in healthy humans and animals. The activity of IL-18 is balanced by the presence of a high affinity, naturally occurring IL...