The seasonality of the 21st century trends in tropical lower stratospheric temperature (LST) is examined in simulations by a group of comprehensive chemistry-climate models. In contrast to the past LST trends, there is robust seasonal dependence among ensembles of the same model. Furthermore, most models show strongest cooling around July–September and minimal cooling in February–March, which r...

Air temperature (Tair) near the ground surface is a fundamental descriptor of terrestrial environment conditions and one of the most widely used climatic variables in global change studies. The main objective of this study was to explore the possibility of retrieving high-resolution Tair from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) products, cove...

Land surface temperature (LST) and emissivity are important components of land surface modeling and applications. The only practical means of obtaining LST at spatial and temporal resolutions appropriate for most modeling applications is through remote sensing. While the popular split-window method has been widely used to estimate LST, it requires known emissivity values. Multispectral thermal ...

Monthly night averaged land surface temperature (LST) MODIS imagery was analyzed throughout a year-period (2006), in an attempt to segment the terrain of Egypt into regions with different LST seasonal variability, and represent them parametrically. Regions with distinct spatial and temporal LST patterns were outlined using several clustering techniques capturing aspects of spatial, temporal and...

Remotely sensed Land Surface Temperature (LST) represents a valuable source of data for a simple modelling of the dynamic of soil moisture (SM) over large areas. In this paper we evaluated the capability of LST monthly anomalies, derived from the MOD11C3 standard product, to capture the SM dynamic as modelled over Europe by means of an ensemble of three land surface models. The direct use of LS...

In this study, the effect of seasonal variation on air flow and pollutant dispersion characteristics was numerically investigated. A three-dimensional urban canopy model with unit aspect ratio (H/D = 1) was used to calculate surface temperature distribution in the street canyon. Four representative time events (1000 LST, 1300 LST, 1600 LST and 2000 LST) during typical clear summer and winter da...

This study aims to evaluate quantitatively the land surface temperature (LST) derived from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) MOD11A1 and MYD11A1 Collection 5 products for daily land air surface temperature (Ta) estimation over a mountainous region in northern Vietnam. The main objective is to estimate maximum and minimum Ta (Ta-max and Ta-min) using both TERRA and AQUA MODIS...

AIMS To study the frequency and reason for withdrawal/withholding of life sustaining treatment (LST) and do not resuscitate (DNR) orders in infants who died in a tertiary neonatal unit. METHODS Infants who died at Homerton University Hospital between January 1998 and September 2001 were studied by retrospective analysis of patient records. RESULTS The case notes of 71 (84%) of 85 infants wh...