In experimental animals, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) has vasodilating, hypotensive, and natriuretic activities. The role of circulating CNP in the overall regulation of cardiac and renal function in humans is less defined, in both health and disease. We measured cardiac volumes, diastolic and systolic functions, systemic (Doppler echocardiography) and renal hemodynamics, intrarenal sodium ...

Antibodies raised to a mixture of the 46 and 48 kDa rat CNS 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3-phosphodiesterases (CNPs) recognized apparently identical proteins in peripheral nervous system (PNS), thymus, and circulating blood lymphocytes. These antibodies were used to identify, in a rat brain phage lambda gt11 expression library, cDNA clones encoding beta-galactosidase-CNP fusion proteins, some of whi...

As is well known, Russell assigned indefinite and definite descriptions the interpretations represented schematically in (1) and (2) respectively, where “CNP” stands for “Common Noun Phrase” in the sense used by Montague (1973) – i.e. as standing for the constituent which a determiner combines with to form a noun phrase (NP). (1) a. ...a/an CNP... b. ∃x[CNP(x) & ...x...] (2) a. ...the CNP... b....

Severe mental illnesses have been linked to white matter abnormalities, documented by postmortem studies. However, cause and effect have remained difficult to distinguish. CNP (2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase) is among the oligodendrocyte/myelin-associated genes most robustly reduced on mRNA and protein level in brains of schizophrenic, bipolar or major depressive patients. This su...

BACKGROUND In mammalian follicles, oocytes are arrested at the diplotene stage of prophase I until meiotic resumption following the LH surge. Recently, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), encoded by natriuretic peptide precursor type C (NPPC) was found to suppress mouse oocyte maturation by promoting cyclic guanosine 5'-monophospate (cGMP) production in cumulus cells. However, regulation of NPPC/...

Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CNP) is the major dose-limiting factor in cancer chemotherapy. However, the neural mechanisms underlying CNP remain unclear. There is increasing evidence implicating the involvement of spinal endomorphin-2 (EM2) in neuropathic pain. In this study, we used a vincristine-evoked rat CNP model displaying mechanical allodynia and central sensitization, and obse...

Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) are becoming promising candidates for oil/gas applications due to their biocompatibility and size-dependent optical and electronic properties. Their applications, however, are always associated with the flow of nanoparticles inside a reservoir, i.e., a porous medium, where insufficient studies have been conducted. In this work, we synthesized CNPs with two different ...

Achondroplasia (ACH), the most common form of human dwarfism, is caused by an activating autosomal dominant mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 gene. Genetic overexpression of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a positive regulator of endochondral bone growth, prevents dwarfism in mouse models of ACH. However, administration of exogenous CNP is compromised by its rapid clearance ...

We previously observed that adenovirus-mediated expression of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) markedly inhibits neointima formation after balloon injury in rat carotid arteries, suggesting that CNP has multiple effects over its modest inhibitory effect on cellular proliferation. We hypothesized that local expression of CNP might have antithrombotic and antiinflammatory effects. Balloon-injured...

This study was carried out to investigate the protective effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative damage in murine macrophages RAW264.7 cells. After 24 h pre-incubation with CNP (25-200 μg/mL) and chitosan (CS) (50-200 μg/mL, as controls), the viability loss in RAW264.7 cells induced by H2O2 (500 μM) for 12 h was markedly restored in a concentra...