3Ames, R. H., Journal of Neurosurgery, 1967, 27, 525. 4Weiss, S. R., and Raskind, R., International Surgery, 1969, 51, 13. 5 Forrest, D. M., and Cooper, D. G. W., Journal of Neurosurgery, 1968, 29, 506. 6 Guthkelch, A. N., British Journal of Surgery, 1967, 54, 665. 7 Merrill, R. E., McCutchen, T., Meacham, W.'F., and Carter, T., Journal of the American Medical Association, 1965, 191, 21. 8 Shur...

introduction: assessment tools of academic achievement in the field of surgery have always been received considerable attention. the issue that has received less attention is that which one of these methods has higher efficiency to cover appropriately educational objectives in surgical groups. this survey aimed to evaluate the results of three examinations (including osce, in-group educational ...

cognitive rehabilitation is a group of designed techniques that is for the promotion of cognitive domains in people with disease or disability. cognitive rehabilitation therapy (crt) is the science of restoring cognitive processing and learning compensatory strategies and it affects the molecular and cellular recovery rehabilitation by integration of behavioral and cognitive changes. the promot...