Despite the increasing scope for transactional approaches to corporate political activity (CPA) in emerging markets and rising concerns about the use of relational approaches, foreign firms in emerging economies appear to be reluctant to adopt transactional approaches to CPA. Using Resource Dependence theory we argue that criticality of resources, product diversification, integration with other...

High levels of penetrating cryoprotectants (CPAs) can eliminate ice formation during cryopreservation of cells, tissues, and organs to cryogenic temperatures. But CPAs become increasingly toxic as concentration increases. Many strategies have been attempted to overcome the problem of eliminating ice while minimizing toxicity, such as attempting to optimize cooling and warming rates, or attempti...

rRp450 is an oncolytic herpesvirus that expresses the CYP2B1 cDNA, responsible for bioconverting cyclophosphamide (CPA) into the active metabolites 4-hydroxyCPA/aldophosphamide (AP). However, formal proof of prodrug activation is lacking. We report that activation of CPA in cells infected with rRp450 generates a time-dependent increase of diffusible 4-hydroxyCPA/AP. For in vivo applications, a ...

Daily intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CPA) (50 mgkg(-1) of body weight) for 5 days resulted in reduced levels of marrow and blood cellularity, which was most pronounced in 18 days post-treatment (pt). On day 18 after CPA treatment the enhancedlevels of nitric oxide (NO) precursors and metabolites (L-arginine, L-citrulline, reactive nitrogen species (RNS)) of marrow and blood cell...

The basic idea behind improving the quality of a monovariant control flow analysis such as 0CFA is the concept of polyvariant analyses such as Agesen’s Cartesian Product Algorithm (CPA) and Shivers’ nCFA. In this paper we develop a novel framework for polyvariant flow analysis based on AikenWimmers constrained type theory. We develop instantiations of our framework to formalize various polyvari...

N-octanoyl cyclopentylamide (C8-CPA) was found to moderately inhibit quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. To obtain more powerful inhibitors, a series of structural analogs of C8-CPA were synthesized and examined for their ability to inhibit quorum sensing in P. aeruginosa PAO1. The lasB-lacZ and rhlA-lacZ reporter assays revealed that the chain length and the ring structure were crit...

The present study assesses the effects of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with uracil and tegafur (UFT) alone vs UFT plus cyclophosphamide (CPA), on the activity of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in breast cancer tissues. Breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups; the control (no-treatment) group (n=13), the UFT (5-8 mg/kg/day) alone group (n...

Thapsigargin (TG) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) are reported to be specific high-affinity inhibitors of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2' pump in isolated membranes and cells, with TG causing complete pump inhibition at nanomolar concentrations. To evaluate the effectiveness of TG and CPA in small multicellular cardiac preparations, we used rapid cooling contractures (RCCs) to assess the SR C...

PURPOSE The reliable parameter, which can be obtained easily and quickly, is necessary to predict the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) of patients with cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) in the emergency situation. In this study, we evaluated the significance of albumin corrected anion gap (ACAG) for the prediction of ROSC in patients with CPA. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 166 patients with CPA ...

Thapsigargin (TG) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) are reported to be specific high-affinity inhibitors of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ pump in isolated membranes and cells, with TG causing complete pump inhibition at nanomolar concentrations. To evaluate the effectiveness of TG and CPA in small multicellular cardiac preparations, we used rapid cooling contractures (RCCs) to assess the SR C...