The rate of nonexchangeable NH/ release from soils can have a significant effect on N dynamics and environmental quality. Nonexchangeable NH/ is that N fraction which is fixed in the interlayers of clay minerals. The objective of this study was to determine the kinetics of nonexchangeable NH4 release from two topsoils from Germany [Giessen Ap (Aqualf) and Hungen Ap (Alfisol)] and from two subso...

The adult neurohypophysis (NH) is a well-established site of CNS plasticity: its glial cells, the pituicytes, reorganize their structure and undergo increased proliferation in response to stimulations such as dehydration. However, it remains to be clarified whether the newly-formed cells derive from pituicytes re-entering the cell cycle or from glial precursors or stem cells. Here, we first ana...

OBJECTIVE To describe the decline of tuberculosis (TB) cases among U.S.-born non-Hispanic (NH) black and white Chicago residents. METHODS Data from the National TB Surveillance System was used to analyze trends and characteristics of reported TB cases among U.S.-born NH black and U.S.-born NH white Chicago residents from 1998-2008. RESULTS Chicago reported a total of 3,821 TB cases over the...

BACKGROUND Despite increased focus on health care-associated infections (HAI), between 1.6 and 3.8 million HAI occur annually among the vulnerable population residing in US nursing homes (NH). This study characterized state department of health (DOH) activities and policies intended to improve quality and reduce HAI in NH. METHODS We created a 17-item standardized data collection tool informe...

PURPOSE Given concerns about end-of-life care for many nursing home (NH) residents, this study sought to understand factors influencing hospice referral or nonreferral as well as timing of referral. DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted semistructured interviews with personnel from seven participating NHs and two hospices. We interviewed NH directors of nursing regarding facility referral practices...

An exploratory study of the synthesis of vanadium (oxy)fluorides (VOFs) using ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic mixtures (DESs) as a solvent yielded 10 different materials. The previously reported chain type: (NH(4))(2)VF(5) (1), (NH(4))(2)VOF(4) (2), NH(4)VO(3) (3) and (H(2)NH(2)(CH(2))(2)NH(2))VF(5) (9) have been successfully produced for the first time using ILs as the reaction media. Th...

Ratios of ammonium (NH 4 ‡) to nitrate (NO 3 ±) in soils are known to increase during forest succession. Using evidence from several previous studies, we hypothesize that a malfunction in NH 4 ‡ transport at the membrane level might limit the persistence of early successional tree species in later seral stages. In those studies, 13 N radiotracing was used to determine unidirectional fluxes and ...

The use of the enzyme alanine dehydrogenase (AlaDH) for the determination of ammonium ion (NH(4)(+)) usually requires the addition of pyruvate substrate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) simultaneously to effect the reaction. This addition of reagents is inconvenient when an enzyme biosensor based on AlaDH is used. To resolve the problem, a novel reagentless amperometric bios...