Human enteric viruses can be present in untreated and inadequately treated drinking water. Molecular methods, such as the reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), can detect viral genomes in a few hours, but they cannot distinguish between infectious and noninfectious viruses. Since only infectious viruses are a public health concern, methods that not only are rapid but also provide information on t...

Phorbol ester (PMA) in concentration 5 and 10 ng ml-1 blocks cytokinesis of the second maturation division in mouse oocytes. Karyokinesis is not impaired and digynic triploid oocytes are obtained which undergo first cleavage division. Effectiveness of blocking cytokinesis is dependent on the timing of exposure of oocytes to PMA action. When oocytes are subjected to PMA at the onset of the secon...

PMA enhanced release of the azurophil granule enzyme, beta-glucuronidase, as well as lysozyme, from cytochalasin B-treated PMN's exposed to either zymosan particles or C5a. PMA was active at nanomolar concentrations, was not toxic to the cells, and was most effective when present for brief durations (0-1 min) before exposure of the cells to the stimuli. Beta-glucuronidase was not released in ...

Phorbol ester is a strong inducer for both cell cornification and squamous-cell marker SPRR1 gene expression in conducting airway epithelial cells. However, the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of both events have not been completely elucidated. The current study focuses on the common and divergent pathways involved in the induction of these two activities by phorbol-13-myristate-1...

The premammillary artery (PMA) is a branch of the posterior communicating artery (PCoA). While the PMA is known to originate from the PCoA as demonstrated by most anatomical studies, it originates directly from the internal carotid artery in approximately 1% of patients. Cerebral aneurysms associated with the PMA have rarely been reported. We report an extremely rare case of a ruptured PMA aneu...

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a sporadic event with compression of the median nerve (MN). Persistent median artery (PMA) thrombosis is an exceptionally rare cause of CTS. Case report: 38-year-old male presented with acute on subacute right wrist pain with positive Tinel's sign. An ultrasound and computed angiography study confirmed a PMA with thrombosis. The patient was treated wi...

We have shown that phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) enhanced A-23187-induced arachidonate release and thromboxane synthesis in human platelets (Mobley, A., and Tai, H. H. (1985) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 130, 717-723). The mechanism of enhancement by PMA was not elucidated. In the present study, we have shown that PMA-treated platelets exhibited significantly less [1-14C]arachidonate incorp...

Treatment of nonadherent Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) causes these cells to become adherent to noncellular foreign surfaces such as nylon fibers and plastic culture dishes and to monolayers of endothelial cells. Increased adherence is first observed after a short lag period (5 to 15 min) and is transient. Other tumor-promoting analogs of PMA also induce t...

BACKGROUND Moderately preterm infants account for a large proportion of admissions and bed-days in neonatal units (NU). Management of these infants varies and determinants of length of stay are poorly studied. OBJECTIVE To determine postmenstrual age at hospital discharge for moderately preterm infants and its relation to perinatal risk factors and to organisation of care. METHODS Populatio...