This communication describes a new method for producing stable, high concentrations of Sc21 in optically clear CaF2 crystals. We have achieved Sc21 concentrations as high as 3 3 1018 cm23 without degradation of optical quality. We have converted as much as 5% of the scandium dopant to the divalent state. The concentration of divalent scandium is stable during room temperature storage for period...

the aim of the present study was to prepare nano-sized calcium fluoride (caf2). calcium fluoride nanoparticles were synthesized by cacl2.6h2o and ammonium fluoride. nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method. the synthesized nanocrystals were characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), scanning electron microscopy (sem). the crystalli...

We have demonstrated what we believe to be the first waveguide photonic crystal cavity operating in the mid-infrared. The devices were fabricated from Ge23Sb7S70 chalcogenide glass (ChG) on CaF2 substrates by combing photolithographic patterning and focused ion beam milling. The waveguide-coupled cavities were characterized using a fiber end fire coupling method at 5.2 μm wavelength, and a load...

Diode laser frequency stability of 2 kHz to 680 Hz over 20 ms to 500 s has been demonstrated at 1523 nm in the technologically important communication band by use of persistent spectral holes in the inhomogeneously broadened 4I15/2 --> 4I13/2 optical absorption of Er3+:D-:CaF2. Laser frequency stabilization was realized without vibrational or acoustical isolation of either the laser or spectral...

We present the first experimental results of the studying of field electron emission from sharp silicon tips covered by thin dielectric CaF2 layers containing Sm dopant ions. Some indications on the resonant tunneling of electrons from sharp silicon tip through dopant samarium ions inside the coating have been observed, which can be regarded as an implementation of one-atom electron source of a...

2014 We derive an approximate theory for the spin diffusion tensor in a rare nuclear spin species imbedded into an abundant one, with special reference to 43Ca in CaF2. The usefulness of the theory is examplified by the description of an investigation of ferromagnetism with domains of the 19F spins, where the knowledge of the 43Ca spin diffusion constant allows a determination of the ferromagne...

The surface displacement technique is used to measure the temperature and frequency dependence of the periodic expansion of a CaF2-surface subject to a modulated focused beam of lkeV electrons. Theoretical models are presented for a prediction of the observed phenomena based on thermal transport and defect lifetime effects. The use of such investigations for the study of thermal and non-thermal...

In this study we use first principle methods to study the interaction of three different tip models with a CaF2(111) surface. The tip models are based on a ‘realistic’ approach to tip simulation and consist of a pure silicon tip, an oxygen terminated silicon tip and a water contaminated silica (SiO2) tip. We find that each tip demonstrates characteristic features which should be observable in e...