In 1278, Yemeni troops conquered the city of øafār (Fig. 1). They were sent by the Rasūlid sultan al-Muúaffar, son of the founder of the Rasūlid dynasty which dominated South-West Arabia until the middle of the fifteenth century.(1) The Rasūlid court historian al-¿azrajī describes the victory: “And when the sultan, may God have mercy on him, conquered the city of øafār (...) and Sālim son of Id...

J. Wiesehöfer, in the final contribution to volume takes a look at descriptions and drawings of historical sites, particular Persepolis, by early travellers Persia, including luminaries such as C. Niebuhr, C.J. Rich Ker Porter, well H. Rawlinson W. K. Loftus. He critically notes imperialistic ambitions later 19th century expeditions contrasts them with earlier endeavours driven sheer curiosity;...

Mar Aba and Paul the Persian, two theologians from Persia, traveled to lived in Constantinople first half of sixth century. During their journey stay, they used were supported by an East Syrian network already existing capital. The present study focuses on Sleepless monks, one key elements this network, connections with Syrian, Greek, Latin worlds, including Leontius Byzantium Cassiodorus.

It is well-known that size of the stems in Sino-Japanese (SJ), one of the lexical strata in Japanese, is severely restricted. According to the Richness of the Base hypothesis (Prince & Smolensky 1993), such size restriction phenomena must be treated not by the constraints/rules held in the input, but by interaction of a set of constraints applicable to the output. In other words, while the outp...

The goal of this paper is twofold: first it reviews the distributional properties of tense and lax vowels in a relatively standard dialect of Northern French which still contrasts vowel length, and second, on the basis of these data, it examines the interaction between markedness and faithfulness constraints in Optimality Theory (OT, Prince & Smolensky 1993). The intricate interplay between vow...

seistan was one of the important ancient urban centres in south eastern persia. the ruins of the city show the prosperity and fertility of this city to the extent that a british civil officer considered it as the ancient london of asia. this article attempts to describe the enormous latent wealth of this ancient city which made it important for strategic, political and commercial reasons. due t...

BACKGROUND The cucumber, Cucumis sativus, is one of the most widely consumed fruit vegetables the world over. The history of its dispersal to the Occident from its centre of origin, the Indian subcontinent, has been incorrectly understood for some time, due to the confusion of cucumbers with vegetable melons. Iconographic and literary evidence has shown that cucumber was absent in Roman times, ...

This work was carried out during two successive seasons (2009) and (2010) to examine the response of Florida Prince peach fruits to some pre-harvest treatments i.e. chitosan at 0.5 and 1.0% and CaCl2 at 2 and 4 % as well as their combinations on some fruit quality parameters under cold storage . Fruit weight loss (%), decay (%) and T.S.S.(%) of Florida Prince peach fruits were increased in most...