a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: C10 C12 C22 C50 Keywords: (Nonlinear) unit root test Heteroskedasticity Wild bootstrapping Purchasing power parity In spite of the extensive research which has already been undertaken, the issue as to whether Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) empirically holds, continues to be strongly debated. Existing studies have been criticized for their reliance on uni...

[1] Precise point positioning (PPP) has become popular for Global Positioning System (GPS) geodetic network analysis because for n stations, PPP has O(n) processing time, yet solutions closely approximate those of O(n) full network analysis. Subsequent carrier phase ambiguity resolution (AR) further improves PPP precision and accuracy; however, full-network bootstrapping AR algorithms are O(n),...

Ristocetin and vancomycin are structurally similar glycopeptide antibiotics. Both vancomycin and ristocetin in high concentrations (3.0 mg/mI) cause the precipitation of fibrinogen, plasminogen, and IgG from platelet-poor plasma (PPP). In contrast to ristocetin, vancomycin (0.5-1.5 mg/mI) does not agglutinate platelets in normal platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or formalintreated platelets in the pre...

This study evaluated the long-term implications of a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) on livelihoods and natural resource (NR) dynamics under a market-oriented approach to conservation. Drawing examples from the Luangwa Valley in eastern Zambia, the study sought to answer questions on two closely interrelated aspects. These included the contribution of PPP to sustainable livelihoods in and arou...

In contrast to the US Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) and the European Galileo, the developing Chinese BeiDou satellite navigation system (BDS) consists of not only Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), but also Geostationary Orbit (GEO) as well as Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO) satellites. In this study, the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) an...

Th e quest for improved self-revenue generation and reduction of the fi nancial burden on government prompted the adoption of public private partnership (PPP) in the management of South African National Parks (SANParks). Accordingly, this paper examined the revenue and conservation implication of PPP in SANParks. Using a statistical t-test of diff erence in means, before and within the PPP, res...

Dynamic regulation of glucose flux between aerobic glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is not well-understood. Here we show that Snail (SNAI1), a key transcriptional repressor of EMT, regulates glucose flux toward PPP, allowing cancer cell survival under metabolic stress. Mechanistically, Snail regulates glycolytic activity via repre...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: C23 F31 Keywords: Purchasing power parity Panel SURKSS test with a Fourier function Latin American countries This study applies Panel SURKSS test with a Fourier function to investigate the properties of long-run purchasing power parity (PPP) in fifteen Latin American countries over the period of December 1994 to February 2010. The empirical results from...

The relationship between pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activity in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and oxidative and mitochondrial activity in bovine oocytes was evaluated with the aim of analysing the impact of two inhibitors (NADPH and 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN)) and a stimulator (NADP) of the key enzymes of the PPP on the maturation rate, oxidative and mitochondrial activity and the mitoch...

In this contribution, the processing strategies of real-time BeiDou System (BDS) precise orbits, clocks, and ionospheric corrections in the National BDS Augmentation Service System (NBASS) are briefly introduced. The Root Mean Square (RMS) of BDS predicted orbits are better than 10 cm in radial and cross-track components, and the accuracy of the BDS real-time clock is better than 0.5 ns for Inc...