In 1974, vinyl chloride (VC) was first reported in the open scientific literature to induce angiosarcoma of the liver both in humans and in animals. Additional research has now demonstrated the carcinogenicity of VC to other organs and at lower concentrations. The target organs for VC now clearly include the liver, brain and the lung, and probably the lymphohematopoietic system. The evidence fo...

The incidence of local or bloodstream infections (BSIs) associated with peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) is low (0–0.2% bacteraemia); but there is considerable annual morbidity because of the frequency with which such catheters are used. The incidence of phlebitis (3–5%) and bacterial colonisation of catheters increases for catheters left in place >72 h.1,2 In 2001 the Centers for Disease Con...

Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that PVC-211 murine leukemia virus (MuLV), a neuropathogenic variant of Friend MuLV (F-MuLV), had undergone genetic changes which allowed it to efficiently infect rat brain capillary endothelial cells (BCEC) in vivo and in vitro. Two amino acid changes from F-MuLV in the putative receptor binding domain (RBD) of the envelope surface protein of P...

Near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy was used to develop a non-destructive and rapid qualitative method for the analysis of plastic films used by the pharmaceutical industry for blistering. Three types of films were investigated: 250 microm PVC [poly(vinyl chloride)] films, 250 microm PVC films coated with 40 g m(-2) of PVDC [poly(vinylidene dichloride)] and 250 microm PVC films coated ...

Several reported studies on the effects of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dust in animals and man have been conflicting. The present study of the ventilatory function of 509 male workers exposed to PVC dust was made in 1977. Altogether 104 men exposed to PVC dust only, 112 men exposed to non-chlorinated solvents only, and 293 men exposed to a mixture of both completed the MRC questionnaire on respira...

Exploratory (i.e., voxelwise) spatial methods are commonly used in neuroimaging to identify areas that show an effect when a region-of-interest (ROI) analysis cannot be performed because no strong a priori anatomical hypothesis exists. However, noise at a single voxel is much higher than noise in a ROI making noise management critical to successful exploratory analysis. This work explores how p...

The photostabilization of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films by Schiff bases was investigated. Polyvinyl chloride films containing 0.5 wt % Schiff bases were produced using the same casting method as that used for additive-free PVC films from tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. The photostabilization activities of these compounds were determined by monitoring the carbonyl, polyene and hydroxyl indices w...