provided the original work is properly cited. CC A spinal cord stimulator is usually used as an electro-modulator for pain treatment. Shealy et al. [1] first reported the use of a spinal cord stimulator in an elderly male suffering with terminal bronchogenic carcinoma and right-sided chest pain in 1967. Since then, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been applied to many disease entities, such as...

BACKGROUND A stepped care strategy (SCS) to improve adequate healthcare use in patients with osteoarthritis was developed and implemented in a primary care region in the Netherlands. AIM To assess the association between care that is in line with the SCS recommendations and health outcomes. DESIGN AND SETTING Data were used from a 2-year observational study of 313 patients who had consulted...

Self-compassion is increasingly explored as a protective factor in relation to psychopathology. The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and its Short Form variant (SCS-SF) are the most widely used instruments for measuring this psychological construct, and previous studies have indeed shown that the total score of this scale is negatively associated with psychopathology. In this article, we point out t...

objective: transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (bmscs) or schwann cells (scs) can facilitate axonal regeneration in peripheral nerve injuries. the aim of this study was to compare the effects of transplantation of bmscs and scs on functional recovery after injury to the sciatic nerve in the rat. materials and methods:in this experimental research, adult male wistar rats (n=24, 250-300 ...

Soils support ecosystem functions such as plant growth and water quality because of certain physical, chemical, and biological properties. These properties have been studied at different spatial scales, including point scales to satisfy basic research needs, and regional scales to satisfy monitoring needs. Recently, soil property data for the entire USA have become available in the State Soil G...

The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Sense of Contribution Scale (SCS), a newly developed, 7-item questionnaire used to measure sense of contribution in the workplace. Workers at 272 organizations answered questionnaires that included the SCS. Because of non-participation or missing data, the number of subjects included in the analyses for internal consist...

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) can have dramatic effects on painful, vascular, and motor symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), but its precise mechanism of action is unclear. Better understanding of the physiologic effects of SCS may improve understanding not only of this treatment modality but also of CRPS pathophysiology. Effects of SCS on pain perception are likely to occur throu...

Schwann cells (SCs) are indispensable for cell therapy and tissue engineering of the peripheral nervous system. Easy access to activated, highly proliferative SCs is necessary for clinical applications. The present study developed a fast, efficient method for obtaining highly purified SCs from the peripheral nerve of a mature Rhesus monkey. The common peroneal nerves of 4‑year‑old Rhesus monkey...

Neurons release endocannabinoids from their dendrites to trigger changes in the probability of transmitter release. Although such retrograde signaling has been described for principal neurons, such as hippocampal pyramidal cells and cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), it has not been demonstrated for local interneurons. Here we tested whether inhibitory interneurons in the cerebellum, stellate cel...