OBJECTIVES Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and sudden sleep onset (SOS) episodes are frequent in Parkinson׳s disease (PD). The objectives are to identify clinical characteristics and factors associated with EDS and SOS episodes. METHODS Clinical demographic data were recorded (N=100, mean age=65.0±10.4). EDS was identified by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS>10) and SOS episodes were regi...

Rat sarcoma (RAS) proteins are signaling nodes that transduce extracellular cues into precise alterations in cellular physiology by engaging effector pathways. RAS signaling thus regulates diverse cell processes including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival. Owing to this central role in governing mitogenic signals, RAS pathway components are often dysregulated in human dise...

phatases and other players in signal transduction relocate to membranes, cytoskeletal structures, scaffolding proteins or organelles1–3. Here we take receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling as our main example (Fig. 1). Stimulation of RTKs is linked to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades through a cytoplasmic protein Sos (a homologue of the Drosophila melanogast...

In nature, no single plant completes its life cycle without encountering environmental stress. When plant cells surpass stress threshold stimuli, chemically reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated that can cause oxidative damage or act as signals. Plants have developed numerous ROS-scavenging systems to minimize the cytotoxic effects of ROS. The role of sucrosyl oligosaccharides (SOS), incl...

Antibiotics that interfere with DNA replication and cell viability activate the SOS response. In Staphylococcus aureus, the antibiotic-induced SOS response promotes replication and high-frequency horizontal transfer of pathogenicity island-encoded virulence factors. Here we report that beta-lactams induce a bona fide SOS response in S. aureus, characterized by the activation of the RecA and Lex...

Introduction SOS Médecins France (SOS Med) is the first private and permanent network of general practitioners providing emergency care in France. Besides Hospital emergency departments (HED), SOS Med is therefore a major source of data for detecting and measuring nearreal-time health phenomena. The emergency services provided by the SOS Med have been subject to important changes in the recent ...

Abstract Systems complexity is increasing, in particular, when systems become of (SoS). SoS are composed constituent (CS), have unique goals for the CS and as a whole, present new SoS-level properties called emergent properties. Emergent because they only appear at system level. Current research has revealed some tools focusing on simple emergence engineers aiming to design However, forming cre...

We investigate the relationships between various sum of squares (SOS) and semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxations for the sensor network localization problem. In particular, we show that Biswas and Ye’s SDP relaxation is equivalent to the degree one SOS relaxation of Kim et al. We also show that Nie’s sparse-SOS relaxation is stronger than the edge-based semidefinite programming (ESDP) relax...

This paper proposes Systems of Systems (SoS) as a conceptual framework to support the creation, evolution and study of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs). After reviewing the relationship between SDIs and generic Information Infrastructures (IIs), a comparison of the latter and SoS is presented. The conclusions of this comparison lead us to propose that IIs can be considered as SoS with severa...

This report presents some of the results of the first year of Danse, one of the first EU IP projects dedicated to System of Systems. Concretely, we offer a tool chain that allows to specify SoS and SoS requirements at high level, and analyse them using powerful toolsets coming from the formal verification area. At the high level, we use UPDM, the system model provided by the british army as wel...