Background: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a primary mediator of immune regulation and might be required in the early stages of DC development from CD34+ cells. However, details of optimal timing of exposure to TNF-α in DC development process in monocytes or non-purified hematopoitic cells are still lacking and clear benefits of this approach to the development of DCs remain to be valid...

background: rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease common in all races and ethnics. cytokines and cytokines receptors play an important role in ra pathogenesis and clinical presentation. objective: to investigate the serum levels of tnf-α, tnf-α ri, tnf-α rii and il-12 in ra patients and healthy control group. methods: in this study 43 patients fulfilling the revi...

  Background: Several components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) facilitate its diagnosis, including abdominal obesity, hyperlipidemia, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) seem to be associated with MetS components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between  the serum levels...

tuberculosis (tb) and tobacco use are two major alarming global health issues posing immense threats to human populations. mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) by activation of macrophages could induce the sequences of cells activation and releases of inflammatory cytokines such as cxcl-8, il-12 and tnf-α which in turn induces the immune system network. however no information is available on other ...

background: dendritic cells (dcs) are professional antigen presenting cells that have an important role in the initiation of immune response. the use of maturation factors in dendritic cell differentiation provides a promising approach in immunotherapy. objective: in this study, we compared tumor necrosis factor-α, polyribocytidylic acid, lipopolysacharide and cpg oligonucleotides in inducing d...