background co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) is common due to shared routes of transmission, as reported approximately 10% of 33 million hiv-infected patients worldwide are chronically infected with hbv. mutations of hbsag especially within the “a” determinant could alter the antigenicity of the protein, causing failure of hbsag neutralization and ...

background: extensive full-thickness burns require replacement of both epidermis and dermis. in designing skin replacements, the goal has been to re-create this model and make a product which has both essential components. methods: in the present study, we developed procedures for establishing confluent, stratified layers of cultured human keratinocytes on the surface of modified collagen-chito...

nanocrystalline ceria has been considered as support for carbon monoxide preferentially oxidation. in this study ceria was prepared by precipitation method and the effects of preparation conditions, such as ph of solution (8-10), aging time (1-12 hr), drying temperature (80-120 °c), calcination time (2-6 hr) and temperature (400-600 °c) were investigated on ceria synthesized powders properties....

the complex process of spermatogenesis is regulated by various factors. studies on spermatogonial stem cells (sccs) have provided very important tool to improve herd genetic and different field. 0.2 to 0.3 percent of total cells of seminiferous tubules is consist of spermatogonial stem cells. to investigate and biomanipulation of these cells, proliferation and viability rate of cells should be ...

in this study, copper chromite (cucr2o4) nanoparticles was prepared by inverse co-precipitation method. in this method, cupric nitrate trihydrate, (cu (no3)2.3h2o) and chromium nitrate nonahydrate, (cr (no3) 3.9h2o) with a mole ratio of 1:2 were used. characterization of cucr2o4 nanoparticles was performed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir), raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction...

eco village design is a new field of knowledge still under development. it will be the physical manifestation of the unfolding of the ecovillage dream held by so many. it is generally agreed that concept of sustainability should play an increasing role in future urban development world-wide. in order to ensure ecological sustainability, cities around the world have to decrease their environment...

co-fe films were electrodeposited on cu substrate from electrolytes with different co concentration  levels. x-ray diffraction (xrd) was used  to  investigate  the  films  crystal  structures. the  results  indicate that  if  the  co  concentration  is  less  that  the  fe  concentration,  the cubic  structure  appears  in  the  films, while  the  hexagonal  structure dominates when  the co  co...