The structurally related exocyclic guanine adducts α-hydroxypropano-dG (α-OH-PdG), γ-hydroxypropano-dG (γ-OH-PdG), and M1dG are formed when DNA is exposed to the reactive aldehydes acrolein and malondialdehyde (MDA). These lesions are believed to form the basis for the observed cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of acrolein and MDA. In an effort to understand the enzymatic pathways and chemical mech...

A novel mass spectrometry-based methodology using electrospray ionization (ESI) is described for the detection of protein-protein [interferon (IFN)-γ dimer] and protein-ligand [ras-guanosine diphosphate (GDP)] noncovalent interactions. The method utilizes ESI from aqueous solution at appropriate pH. The presence of the noncovalent complex of the IFN-γ dimer was confirmed by the observed average...

Tropomyosin (Tm) is known to be an important gatekeeper of actin function. Tm isoforms are encoded by four genes, and each gene produces several variants by alternative splicing, which have been proposed to play roles in motility, proliferation, and apoptosis. Smooth muscle studies have focused on gizzard smooth muscle, where a heterodimer of Tm from the α-gene (Tmsm-α) and from the β-gene (Tms...

FoF1 is a membrane-bound molecular motor that uses proton-motive force (PMF) to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. Reverse operation generates PMF via ATP hydrolysis. Catalysis in either direction involves rotation of the γε shaft that connects the α3β3 head and the membrane-anchored cn ring. X-ray crystallography and other techniques have provided insights into the structure and funct...

Earlier studies showed that HepG2 cells stably transfected with any one fibrinogen chain cDNA enhance the expression of the other two fibrinogen chains. In this report, a regulatory element “TGCTCTC” in the γ fibrinogen promoter region, -322 to -316, is identified which is involved in increased expression of γ chain in HepG2 cells that are transfected with Bβ fibrinogen cDNA. By electrophoretic...

The concentration of iodine species can be measured using several different analysis methods. One of the most wellknown methods involves iodine titration with a thiosulfate solution. Total iodine can be analyzed using spectrometry, such as inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP...

We describe the upgrade and performance of high-purity germanium counting facility Gator, which is dedicated to low-background $\gamma$-ray spectrometry. Gator operated at Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory in Italy, an average depth 3600 meter water equivalent, employed for material screening selection ultra-low background, rare-event search experiments astroparticle physics. The detector equip...

A homogenization result is given for a material having brittle inclusions arranged in a periodic structure. According to the relation between the softness parameter and the size of the microstructure, three different limit models are deduced via Γ-convergence. In particular, damage is obtained as limit of periodically distributed microfractures.

This paper is devoted to prove new relaxation and Γ-convergence theorems on BV(Ω) for a class of integral functionals, whose integrands have a product type structure, but they do not satisfy any assumptions of coerciveness or continuity with respect to the spatial variable.