Environmental microorganisms represent the most relevant reservoir of resistance to antibiotics in the community, and this is due in part to the undue exposure of these organisms to antimicrobial agents. AmpC β-lactamases are clinically important cephalosporinases encoded on the chromosomes of bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family and some non-enteric bacteria including Pseudomonas aerugino...

2. Pournaras S, Tsakris A, Maniati M, Tzouvelekis LS, Maniatis AN. Novel variant (bla(VIM-4)) of the metallo-β-lactamase gene bla(VIM-1) in a clinical strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002;46:4026–8. 3. Toleman MA, Rolston K, Jones RN, Walsh TR. Molecular characterization of VIM-4, a novel metallo-β-lactamase isolated from Texas: report from the CANCER surveillance ...

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates producing K. pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPC) were first reported in the USA in 2001, and since then, this infection has been reported in Europe, Israel, South America, and China. In Korea, the first KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae sequence type (ST) 11 strain was detected in 2010. We report the case of a patient with a urinary tract infection ca...

Since antibiotics were first used, each new introduced class has been followed by a global wave of emergent resistance, largely originating in Europe and North America where they were first used. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus spread from the United Kingdom and North America across Europe and then Asia over more than a decade. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci and Klebsiella pneumon...