BACKGROUND Dysregulations of the major inhibitory and excitatory amino neurotransmitter systems of γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate, respectively, have been described in patients with schizophrenia. However, it is unclear whether these abnormalities are present in subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis. METHODS Twenty-three antipsychotic naïve subjects at ultra-high risk and 24 healthy co...

Abbreviations: CRH: Corticotropin Releasing Hormone; CRH1: Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Receptor; CSF: Cerebro Spinal Fluid; D2: Dopaminergic Subreceptor; GABA: Gamma Amino Butyric Acid; GABAA: Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Subtype A Receptors; GABAB: Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Subtype B Receptors; Gal2: Galanin 2; 5-HT: Serotonergic Receptor; 5-HT1A: 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A Receptors; 5-HT7: 5-hydrox...

Gamma aminobutyrate (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid that is thought to play an important role in the modulation of the central response to stress. Mechanisms by which GABA may facilitate these responses to stress are metabolic and/or mechanical disruptions. Environmental stresses increase GABA accumulation through cytosolic acidification, induce an acidic pH-dependent activation of glutamate...

Since the cloning of the first γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter (GAT1; SLC6A1) from rat brain in 1990, more than 50 published studies have provided structure-function information on investigator-designed rat and mouse GAT1 mutants. To date, more than 200 of 599 GAT1 residues have been subjected to mutagenesis experiments by substitution with different amino acids, and the resulting transp...

Enzymatic analyses of Bacillus thuringiensis extracts suggest that a modified Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle (without alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) can operate during sporulation in conjunction with the glyoxylic acid cycle and the gamma-aminobutyric acid pathway.

The exotic wood-boring pest, emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), has been threatening North American ash (Fraxinus spp.) resources, this being recognized since its first detection in Michigan, USA and Ontario, Canada in 2002. Ash trees are killed by larval feeding in the cambial region, which results in disruption of photosynthate and nutrient trans...

In the current issue of Oncotarget, a 10-year follow-up study by Powe et al. reports that women receiving beta-blocker therapy for hypertension showed a significant reduction in breast cancer metastasis, recurrence and mortality. These findings provide first clinical evidence in support of earlier in vitro findings by the same research group reporting significant norepinephrine-induced stimulat...