Glutamatergic inputs clustered over ~20-40 μm can elicit local NMDA spike/plateau potentials in terminal dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons, inspiring the notion that a single terminal dendrite can function as a decision-making computational subunit. A typical terminal basal dendrite is ~100-200 μm long: could it function as multiple decision-making subunits? We test this by sequential foc...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Customized femoral stems are designed to have a perfect fit and fill in the femur in order to achieve physiological load transfer and minimize stress shielding. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is regarded as an accurate method for detection of small alterations in bone mineral density (BMD) around hip prostheses. We present medium-term DXA results from a randomized...

A peptide hormone, root meristem growth factor (RGF), regulates root meristem development through the PLETHORA (PLT) stem cell transcription factor pathway, but it remains to be uncovered how extracellular RGF signals are transduced to the nucleus. Here we identified, using a combination of a custom-made receptor kinase (RK) expression library and exhaustive photoaffinity labeling, three leucin...

Glutamatergic inputs clustered over approximately 20-40 microm can elicit local N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) spike/plateau potentials in terminal dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons, inspiring the notion that a single terminal dendrite can function as a decision-making computational subunit. A typical terminal basal dendrite is approximately 100-200 microm long: could it function as multiple...

To analyze the organization of corticostriatal motor inputs, we examined the neuronal responses in the putamen (Put) to stimulation in the primary motor cortex (MI) and the supplementary motor area (SMA). Stimulating electrodes were chronically implanted in the distal and proximal parts of the forelimb representation of the MI and in the forelimb representation of the SMA in Japanese monkeys (M...

The intention of the present paper is to seek whether gender has any impact on the effectiveness of applying Guthke's Lerntest approach in reading comprehension. For this purpose, after selecting 60 intermediate EFL learners, they were arbitrarily categorized to four clusters of males and females, two experimental and two control groups, each consisting of 15 male and 15 female learners. Both c...

Maternal undernutrition (MUN) during pregnancy may lead to fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), which itself predisposes to adult risk of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. IUGR may stem from insufficient maternal nutrient supply or reduced placental nutrient transfer. In addition, a critical role for maternal stress-induced glucocorticoids (GCs) has been suggested to contribute to b...

In this paper, we introduce the concept of best proximal contraction theorems in non-Archimedean fuzzy metric space for two mappings and prove some proximal theorems. As a consequence, it provides the existence of an optimal approximate solution to some equations which contains no solution. The obtained results extend further the recently development proximal contractions in non-Archimedean fuz...