background: finding protective agents with fewer adverse effects against toxin-induced liver injuries, as a key detoxifier and excreter organ, have always been a concern for researchers. carbon tetra-chloride (ccl4)-induced liver damage has been introduced as an experimental model of liver damage. this study aimed to investigate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of zizyphus vulgaris (z...

Four sibling species from the melanogaster subgroup (Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, D. sechellia, and D. mauritiana) were studied for genetic divergence, by high-resolution two-dimensional protein electrophoresis (2DE) coupled with ultrasensitive silver staining. A total of eight tissues from larval and adult developmental stages representing both gonadal (germ-line) and nongonadal (soma...

Eye and head morphology vary considerably among insects and even between closely related species of Drosophila. Species of the D. melanogaster subgroup, and other Drosophila species, exhibit a negative correlation between eye size and face width (FW); for example, D. mauritiana generally has bigger eyes composed of larger ommatidia and conversely a narrower face than its sibling species. To bet...

Forms of reproductive isolation that act after copulation but before fertilization are potentially important components of speciation, but are studied only infrequently. We examined postmating, prezygotic reproductive isolation in three hybridizations within the Drosophila simulans species complex. We allowed females to mate only once, observed and timed all copulations, dissected a subset of t...

Chronic alcohol ingestion is known to increase the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby leading to liver damage. Antioxidant enzymes act individually or in combination to reduce or counter the effect of these ROS. Chronic administration of alcohol at (40% v/v, 1 ml/100 g), for 6 weeks showed a significant (p<0.05) elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amin...

People struggle to name odors [1-4]. This has been attributed to a diminution of olfaction in trade-off to vision [5-10]. This presumption has been challenged recently by data from the hunter-gatherer Jahai who, unlike English speakers, find odors as easy to name as colors [4]. Is the superior olfactory performance among the Jahai because of their ecology (tropical rainforest), their language f...

Praduman Yadav*, Sunil Kumar, Veena Jain and Sarla P. Malhotra Plant Biochemistry and Quality Control Laboratory, Directorate of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad-500030, Andrapradesh, India Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Abohar-152116, Punjab, India Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hi...