Biomass offers a renewable carbon source that could be utilized as a raw material in the chemicals industry. A potential route for the conversion of biomass feedstock’s into industrial chemicals is through the catalytic conversion of biomass sugars (glucose) to furan based compounds through an aqueous reforming process. However, to accommodate the transport of these bulky sugars within the cata...

The catalyst Pt(1 wt %)/Ce(0.6)Zr(0.4)O(2) is studied by CO-temperature programmed reduction (CO-TPR), isothermal oxygen storage complete capacity (OSCC), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Pt L(III) edge, and in situ X-ray diffraction (in situ XRD), with the aim of elucidating the role of supported metal in CO oxidation by ceria-based three-way catalysts (TWC). The redox behavior of Pt...

Although mullite–zirconia composites made from zircon, alumina, and andalusite meet the requirements for many refractory applications, little effort has been to transfer these bonding phase (the ‘matrix’) of bricks. In this paper, we investigate how could be achieved through better control secondary oxides. The high temperature phases were simulated with thermodynamic software linked microstruc...

This review introduces concepts and background from the ceramics engineering literature regarding metastable zirconia ceramics to establish a context for understanding current and emerging zirconia-based dental ceramics.

The hydrogen solubility in zirconia (yttria stabilized zirconia, YSZ) using a tritium imaging plate (IP) technique has been measured in a temperature region ranging from 673K to 973K. The tritium distribution in the zirconia specimens was nearly uniform suggesting an equilibrated dissolution. The hydrogen solubility in specimens were rather low (around ppm or below) and showed Arrhenius type te...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Successful long-term bonding to zirconia ceramic remains a challenge, requiring special cements and surface roughening by airborne-particle abrasion, which might negatively affect the ceramic. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin cylinders to a modified zirconia surface using different luting techniques after t...

the aim of this study was to determine the effect of trenched zirconia bar on the von mises stress distribution of ips -empress ii core ceramics.the three-dimensional model including a three-unit bridge from the second premolar to the second molar was designed. the model was reinforced with zirconia bar (zb), zirconia bar with vertical trench (vzb) and zirconia bar with horizontal trench (hzb) ...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Zirconia-based restorations have the common technical complication of delamination, or porcelain chipping, from the zirconia core. Thus the shear bond strength between the zirconia core and the veneering porcelain requires investigation in order to facilitate the material's clinical use. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bonding strength of the porcela...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare osteoblast behavior on zirconia and titanium under conditions cultured with bone morphogenetic protein-2. METHODS MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on sandblasted zirconia and sandblasted/etched titanium discs. At 24 hours after seeding MC3T3-E1, the demineralized bone matrix (DBM) gel alone and the DBM gel with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) were...

PURPOSE The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the color of a background substructure on the overall color of a zirconia-based all-ceramic crown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty one posterior zirconia crowns were made for twenty subjects. Seven premolar crowns and six molar crowns were cemented onto abutments with metal post and core in the first and second group. In the thir...