Folic acid plays an essential role in ruminant nutrition. Microorganisms in the rumen can synthesise folates, but these amounts are not sufficient to achieve the best efficiency of dairy cows. However, the amount of folates synthesised in the rumen could possibly, to some extent, be affected by the forage: concentrate ratio. The supply of folates by the diet and the synthesis by ruminalmicroflo...

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of lauric and myristic acids on ruminal fermentation, production, and milk fatty acid (FA) profile in lactating dairy cows. The experiment was conducted as a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square. Six ruminally-cannulated cows (95 ± 26.4 DIM), were subjected to the following treatments: 240 g/cow/d of each, stearic (SA, control), lauric (L...

Mathematical models can be used to improve performance, reduce cost of production, and reduce nutrient excretion by accounting for more of the variation in predicting requirements and feed utilization in each unique production situation. Mathematical models can be classified into five or more categories based on their nature and behavior. Determining the appropriate level of aggregation of equa...

Multisystemic disease caused by Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLV) in sheep and goats leads to production losses, to the detriment of animal health and welfare. This, together with the lack of treatments, has triggered interest in exploring different strategies of immunization to control the widely spread SRLV infection and, also, to provide a useful model for HIV vaccines. These strategies inv...

DENEV, S. A., Tz. PEEVA, P. RADULOVA, P. STANCHEVA, G. STAYKOVA, G. BEEV, P. TODOROVA and S. TCHOBANOVA, 2007. Yeast cultures in ruminant nutrition. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci. 13: 357-374 Interest in the use of fungal direct-fed microbials in ruminant nutrition is considerable. The ban of antibiotic growth promoters in feed for production of animal foods has increased interest in evaluating the effec...

this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of electron beam irradiation at doses of 250 and 500 kgy on the chemical composition and ruminal dry matter (dm) and neutral detergent fiber (ndf) degradability of wheat straw. nylon bags of untreated or irradiated wheat straw were suspended in the rumen of three rams for up to 72 h, and resulting data were fitted to non-linear degradation model t...

maedi-visna (mv) virus and caprine arthritis encephalitis (cae) virus known as small ruminant lentiviruses (srlvs) cause chronic diseases in susceptible animals. the main reservoirs of these viral agents are sheep and goat. in sheep, mv virus causes a disease as the same name of the virus. this is the first seroprevalence survey of srlvs in sheep population of khorasan-e-razavi province in iran...

livestock have made major contribution to human societies by providing food, shelter, fuel, and services.  sheep and goat are economically important livestock play an important socioeconomic role for small and large farmers in libya.  small ruminant animal meat is popular for libyan customers, and demand is particularly high during religious and cultural festivals.  small ruminants is valued fo...

Food processing and consumption by herbivores are affected differently the availability of forage quality quantity per unit time. This demonstrates “Allometric response concept”, it is considered a significant determinant in habitat use for foraging grazers. The relevance this approach has comprehensively been applied to different body sizes, but little known about its demonstration explain pat...

Infections with Haemonchus contortus are a major constraint on ruminant health world-wide. Young lambs are very sensitive to Haemonchus infection. Older lambs and sheep acquire immunity after a continuous or seasonal exposure to the parasite. The mechanisms underlying immunity are still not completely understood. Antibodies, in particular local IgA and IgE, certainly play a role. The role of Ig...