Purpose: Primary tumor xenografts (PTXG) established directly from patients’ primary tumors in immunosuppressed animals might represent the spectrum of histologic complexity of lung cancers better than xenografts derived from established cell lines. These models are important in the study of aberrant biological pathways in cancers and as preclinical models for testing new therapeutic agents. Ho...

We have previously shown that hypercapnic chemoreflex in prepro-orexin knockout mice (ORX-KO) is attenuated during wake but not sleep periods. In that study, however, hypercapnic stimulation had been chronically applied for 6 h because of technical difficulty in changing the composition of the inspired gas mixture without distorting the animal's vigilance states. In the present study we examine...

BACKGROUND Although α-linked xylose is a major constituent of the hemicelluloses of land plants, few secreted α-xylosidases have been described from fungi or bacteria. AxlA of Aspergillus niger is a secreted α-xylosidase that was earlier shown to promote the release of free glucose (Glc) and xylose (Xyl) from substrates containing α-linked xylose, including isoprimeverose (IP), the heptasacchar...

PURPOSE Primary tumor xenografts (PTXG) established directly from patients' primary tumors in immunosuppressed animals might represent the spectrum of histologic complexity of lung cancers better than xenografts derived from established cell lines. These models are important in the study of aberrant biological pathways in cancers and as preclinical models for testing new therapeutic agents. How...

The Yellow River is the most important water resource in northern China. In the recent past, heavy metal contamination has become severe due to industrial processes and other anthropogenic activities. In this study, riparian soil samples with varying levels of chromium (Cr) pollution severity were collected along the Gansu industrial reach of the Yellow River, including samples from uncontamina...

Extracellular signals prompt G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to adopt an active conformation (R*) and catalyze GDP/GTP exchange in the alpha-subunit of intracellular G proteins (Galphabetagamma). Kinetic analysis of transducin (G(t)alphabetagamma) activation shows that an intermediary R*xG(t)alphabetagamma.GDP complex is formed that precedes GDP release and formation of the nucleotide-free ...

The objective of the research is to analyze, at simulation level, effect M-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) technique, in downlink, for a converged Radio over Fiber (RoF) network infrastructure, implementing Ortho-gonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique and Passive Optical Network architecture, with 10 Gbps capa-city (XG-PON). evaluation M-QAM modulation was done through p...

This paper proposes a pipelined architecture for a dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) in 10-gigabit-capable passive optical networks (XG-PONs). In the proposed architecture, the DBA operation is performed in multiple stages for high energy efficiency. Also, the proposed architecture forwards requests to next stages to obtain high performance. Using simulations, we evaluate performance of the pr...

Martin Kuttge,1,* Wei Cai,2,3 F. Javier García de Abajo,2 and Albert Polman4 1Center for Nanophotonics, FOM–Institute AMOLF, Sciencepark 113, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2Instituto de Óptica–CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain 3The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education and TEDA Applied Physics School, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China 4Center f...