Impulsive x-ray Raman excitations are the components of multidimensional x-ray spectroscopies that have been proposed. However the question of the optimum laser parameters to use for these impulsive excitations is still open. The multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree-Fock (MCTDHF) method includes a description of the wave function that makes no assumptions about the degree of excitation, co...

Determining covalent and charge-transfer contributions to bonding in solution has remained an experimental challenge. Here, the quenching of fluorescence decay channels as expressed in dips in the L-edge X-ray spectra of solvated 3d transition-metal ions and complexes was reported as a probe. With a full set of experimental and theoretical ab initio L-edge X-ray spectra of aqueous Cr(3+), inclu...

Synopsis This chapter presents x-ray image quality optimization techniques using digital phantom images and computerized observer models. The X-ray imaging parameters are optimized so as to maximize tumor detectability while minimizing the patient dose. Digital phantoms are generated using the virtual photographic and radiographic imaging simulator (ViPRIS) package. ViPRIS uses a tomographic ph...

this research reports a facile ultrasonic approach for the synthesis of iron vanadate (fevo4) nanoparticles with the aid of ammonium metavanadate (nh4vo3) and fe(no3)3.9h2o as the starting reagents without adding external surfactant, capping agent or template in an aqueous solution. furthermore, to examine the solar cell application of as-synthesized iron vanadate (fevo4) nanoparticles, fto/tio...

An x-ray crystallographic refinement method, referred to as the normal mode refinement, is proposed. The Debye-Waller factor is expanded in terms of the effective normal modes whose amplitudes and eigenvectors are experimentally determined by the crystallographic refinement. In contrast to the conventional method, the atomic motions are treated generally as anisotropic and concerted. This metho...

background: the sporadic cases of radiation-activated multiple sclerosis (ms) has been previously described, with a few studies focused on the relationship between radiation and the risk of ms. the aim of our study was to evaluate the association between history of x-ray radiation and ms.   methods : this case-control study was conducted on 150 individuals including 65 ms patients and 85 age- a...

Thin films of indium doped zinc sulfide (ZnS) for different indium (In) concentrations (x=0.0 - 0.8) were deposited onto glass substrate by spray pyrolysis method at 523K temperature. Aqueous solution of zinc acetate, indium chloride and thiorea were used to deposit the In-Zn-S film. The deposited thin films were characterized by Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)...

the corrosion protection abilities of modified copper in 2-[((z)-1-{6-[(2-sulfanylphenyl)ethanimidoyl]-2-pyridyl}ethylidene)  amino]-1-benzenthiol solution containing tio2 nanoparticles were evaluated by tafel  polarization  and  impedance  spectroscopy  in  3.5%  sodium chloride  solution.  the  samples  were  characterized  by  energy dispersive  x-ray  (edx)  and  scanning  electron  microsc...

In the present work an environmentally friendly recycling system to peel away the base coat from the X-ray film by using an enzyme was developed. Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme extracted from the waste apex of pineapple was used for stripping the silver layer on the exposed film by hydrolysis of gelatin. The collected film can be reused for the manufacturing of X-ray film or other materials li...