T he first step in investigating an alleged arson fire is to make certain that the fire was, in fact, intentionally set. Except in the most obvious cases, this step requires expert assistance from a knowledgeable fire investigator. Unfortunately, many practicing fire investigators in the United States today are not knowledgeable, and this has led to several high-profile miscarriages of justice....

Phylogenomic studies based on hundreds of genes derived from expressed sequence tags libraries are increasingly used to reveal the phylogeny of taxa. A prerequisite for these studies is the assignment of genes into clusters of orthologous sequences. Sophisticated methods of orthology prediction are used in such analyses, but it is rarely assessed whether paralogous sequences have been erroneous...

Adversarial Training is proved to be an efficient method defend against adversarial examples, being one of the few defenses that withstand strong attacks. However, traditional defense mechanisms assume a uniform attack over examples according underlying data distribution, which apparently unrealistic as attacker could choose focus on more vulnerable examples. We present weighted minimax risk op...

In his article, Thomas Rissfeldt argues the compatibility of palliative care with euthanasia and assisted suicide. 1 By account, many working within field feel that physician-assisted suicide are incompatible care. Wrongly, according to author, since (1) aims euthanasia/assisted not different, (2) compatible fundamental role physician as healer, (3) do necessarily constitute patient abandonment...

background and purpose: multiple choice tests are the most common type of tests used in evaluating the general english knowledge of the students in most medical universities, however the efficacy of these tests are not examined precisely. we compare and examine the integrative tests and discrete point tests as   measures of the english language knowledge of medical students. methods: three test...

Many of us believe that if some acts wrongly out culpably ignorance, they are morally blameworthy to degree. I offer a defense this view against the powerful "Liberal Challenge" position. My proceeds by arguing facts about given agent's quality will can play different explanatory role in larger theory blameworthiness and structure exculpation than is often assumed.