A method is described for confining an animal within an experimenter-defined area without the use of physical boundaries. The area of exploration is constrained by the presence of an aversive noise, triggered whenever the animal steps across a computer-controlled boundary. The radius of the invisible boundary is constantly reset so that the boundary becomes "fuzzy" and the animal cannot use it ...

Static and dynamic work involving the arms and the legs was performed by 40 men seven weeks after myocardial infarction. Leg ergometry produced a significantly higher peak work load, systolic blood pressure (BPs), heart rate (HR), and HR X BPs X 10-2 product (DP) than did arm ergometry: 842 ± 178 vs 546 ± 135 kg-m/min, 176 ± 24 vs 154 ± 19 mm Hg and 256 ± 54 vs 219 ± 48 (SD). Peak heart rates w...

Two types of neurons in the rat brain have been proposed to participate in spatial learning and navigation: place cells, which fire selectively in specific locations of an environment and which may constitute key elements of cognitive maps, and head direction cells, which fire selectively when the rat's head is pointed in a specific direction and which may serve as an internal compass to orient...

Grid cells represent an ideal candidate to investigate the allocentric determinants of the brain's cognitive map. Most studies of grid cells emphasized the roles of geometric boundaries within the navigational range of the animal. Behaviors such as novel route-taking between local environments indicate the presence of additional inputs from remote cues beyond the navigational borders. To invest...

Background With an increasingly aged, frail population that holds a disproportionate amount of wealth, clinicians (especially those with expertise in older adults) may be asked with more frequency to offer a clinical opinion on testamentary capacity (TC), the mental capacity to make a will. Method This paper reviews the legal criteria as well as the empirical research on assessment tools for ...

The workshop’s call for participation points out the changes in work and society related to the development of new technologies, forms of work and patterns of activity. The traditional notion of workplace is challenged by the convergence and intercommunication of technological devices, as are our approaches to design and theory. I’d like to argue that this is only problematic because the tradit...

To date, researchers from various disciplines have studies leisure time; most have focused on quality of leisure activity, psychological benefits of leisure, spiritual effect, thereby neglecting the effect of social classes on features and quality of the selected place. Third place is defined as a location outside of home or work that allows for social interaction and emotional support, regardl...

It is increasingly well documented that a collaborative problem-solving approach is more effective in addressing workplace health concerns than an adversarial approach. Combining this with strategies based on good evidence is key to success. On this premise, a trial was conducted in British Columbia, beginning in July 1999, based on a collaborative approach in which healthcare workers and manag...