The RPM1 protein confers resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 expressing either of the Type III effector proteins AvrRpm1 or AvrB. Here, we describe the isolation and functional characterization of RPM1 Interacting Protein 13 (RIN13), a resistance protein interactor shown to positively enhance resistance function. Ectopic expression of RIN13 (RIN13s) enhanced bacterial restrictio...

In this perspective, we discuss the cytoplasm in actively growing bacterial cells contrasted with viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells. Actively growing bacterial cells contain a more molecularly crowded and organized cytoplasm, and are capable of completing their cell cycle resulting in cell division. In contrast, nutrient starving bacteria in the physiological VBNC state are struggling to su...

The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial characteristics and antibacterial mechanisms of 3-poly-lysine against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The diameters of inhibition zones of E. coli (10 0.5 mm) and S. aureus (12 0.1 mm) treated by 200 mg/ml 3-poly-lysine were much larger than control (5 0.3 mm) (p < 0.05). Minimum inhibition concentration of 3-poly-lysine aga...

OBJECTIVE To microbiologically evaluate the efficacy of cotton and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape used as spacer materials. METHOD AND MATERIALS Twenty-six extracted human molars were restored using either cotton or PTFE tape as spacers under a standardized provisional restorative material (Cavit). The teeth were incubated for 7 days in a culture of Streptococcus gordonii or in liquid me...

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different extraction solvents, including hydro-alcoholic (H-A), ethanolic (Et-OH), and methanolic (Me-OH), on chemical composition and synergistic antibacterial activity of Frangula alnus extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The chemical composition of the F. alnus bark extract was eval...

leprosy is an ancient disease, known from south asia since at least 2000 bce. while there is no physical evidence of this disease in the region before about 50 ce, five different words are translated as “leprosy” in mesopotamian texts and some of them occur frequently. based on the texts, one word (garāṣu) is rarely used and there is evidence that the other four words relate to diseases that we...

The technology of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) has provided a new option for mitigating global anthropogenic emissions with unique advantages. However, the potential risk of gas leakage from CO2 sequestration and utilization processes has attracted considerable attention. Moreover, leakage might threaten soil ecosystems and thus cannot be ignored. In this study, a simulation e...