Coating performance is greatly influenced by the properties of the wood substrate. This study was focused on evaluating the performance of coatings on both preservative- and thermally-treated wood. A number of commercially formulated semi-transparent stains Alkyd, Alkyd-Acrylic and PU were applied on four different types of preservative treated and heat-treated wood and their performances were ...

Indoor air pollutants have various emission patterns and are influenced by indoor microclimate, the physical properties of building materials, types chemical substances. The difference in these affects prediction via simulation. This paper aims to extract factors that an important influence on selecting empirical models examining pattern formaldehyde (HCHO) from materials. As a methodology, Sma...

in this research, the effect of tension wood formation in populus nigra on its anatomical characteristics was studied. vessel element and ray frequency (n/mm²), vessel diameter and ray dimensions were measured in both normal and tension wood. furthermore, the formation of gelatinous layer (g-layer) in the fibers of tension wood was studied. the results showed that the vessel proportion and diam...

Transport of young ('bobby') calves for slaughter is a contentious welfare issue for some sectors of the Australian community. Factors of age, stocking density and flooring need further research to develop appropriate welfare standards for transport of bobby calves. The objective of this study was to identify the space allowance requirements for transport of bobby calves and to understand facto...

Mite allergens in a house are considered to sensitize the residents at levels more than 2μg/g fine dust and may cause bronchial asthma at the level over 10 μg/g. The floor materials were substituted to cork and the bedding to mite-free one, and reduction of mite allergens and improvement of the symptoms and signs of bronchial asthma were observed in two houses where there are children with bron...

Wood vinegar is a substance, derived from cooling black carbon fire, which could be used instead of chemical materials in the agriculture industry as an organic compound. In order to study the effectiveness of pine wood vinegar on physiological and photosynthesis traits of cucumber, two experiments were conducted based on a completely randomized design with six treatments including 0, 1250, 200...