In this paper we conduct the analysis of economic and ecological aspects of alternative energy carriers based on biomass sources. These sources encompass short rotation copies, forest wood residue, wood industry residues, waste wood as well as energy crops. In 2010 the energy output from all these biomass-based alternative energy carriers was about 4000 PJ in the EU-15. We show which energy out...

The concept of traceability is defined according to the standard ISO 8402 like “the ability for the retrieval of the history and use or location of an article or an activity through a registered identification”. Their implementation in the wood industry is delayed because of the limits of classical automatic identification systems in regard to the nature of wood and the features of the manufact...

Wood recognition is widely used in various areas and environments, e.g. construction industry, manufacturing, and ecology. The job is still being carried out mostly by wood identification experts until the present. Current implementations for wood recognition on computer systems are mainly desktop-based. Furthermore, they are not implemented using artificial intelligence techniques due to the v...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES In order to ensure food safety, food businesses in Europe must comply with national as well as Europe-wide legal hygienic requirements and regulations. For years, the use of plastic as a cutting surface was recommended over wood, as wood was shown to have negative reviews. The main arguments against wood are that it is porous, gets cut easily, and that difficult-to-e...

The aim of this explorative study is to find out how the EU Timber Regulation (EUTR) has affected the forest and chain of custody (CoC) certification strategies and practices among the Finnish wood industry companies. We are especially interested to find out whether more integrated strategies and collaborative networks have emerged for enhanced communications throughout the industry value chain...

generating effective employment opportunities is one of the principal challenges faced by development planners in iran. if investment projects are undertaken on the basis of sectoral priorities in production and employment, the economic and social problems emanating from unemployment will be reduced, helping the country’s process of development. in this paper, an attempt is made to identify key...

The iron and steel industry is the second largest user of energy in the world industrial sector and is currently highly dependent on fossil fuels and electricity. Substituting fossil fuels with renewable energy in the iron and steel industry would make an important contribution to the efforts to reduce emissions of CO2. However, different approaches to assessing CO2 emissions from biomass and e...