BEA economist looks at sumers essentially separate tion strategies at an airline, the airline price strategies themselves through the ticket authors developed a simple the-The role of pricing strategies, choices that they make. This oretical model of second-degree which can have a profound im­ type of self selection is referred price discrimination and applied pact on companies' profitability, ...

The saturation of the locomotive park railways with various series locomotives does not always correspond to their effective use given inherent special characteristics. Modern conditions require all participants in design, construction, operation and repair make correct well-founded decisions. variety locomotives, which provide different requirements economic activity, is basis operation. This ...

Online social networks have been gaining increasing economic importance in light of the rising number of their users. Numerous recent acquisitions priced at enormous amounts have illustrated this development and revealed the need for adequate business valuation models. The value of an online social network is largely determined by the value of its users, the relationships between these users, a...

The movements of animals, people, and vehicles are embedded in a geographic context. This context influences the movement and may cause the formation of certain behavioral responses. Thus, it is essential to include context parameters in the study of movement and the development of movement pattern analytics. Advances in sensor technologies and positioning devices provide valuable data not only...

Over recent years, a number of objective hearing models have been developed that attempt to analyse the spatial performance of audio systems in a manner that relates to how sound is perceived by humans 1, 2, 3 – i.e., the models predict the attributes of a sound in a way that is meaningful to human listeners, using scales and categories that are similar to those which a listener would use to de...

To take into account the effects of radiation damage, new algorithms for the optimization of data-collection strategies have been implemented in the software package BEST. The intensity variation related to radiation damage is approximated by log-linear functions of resolution and cumulative X-ray dose. Based on an accurate prediction of the basic characteristics of data yet to be collected, BE...

This paper presents a novel sentence extraction framework that takes into account the consecutiveness of important sentences using a Support Vector Machine (SVM). Generally, most extractive summarizers do not take context information into account, but do take into account the redundancy over the entire summarization. However, there must exist relationships among the extracted sentences. Actuall...

In this letter we study the existence of θ-vacuum states in Yang–Mills theories defined over asymptotically flat, stationary space-times taking into account not only the topology but the complicated causal structure of these space-times, too. By a result of Chruściel and Wald, apparently causality makes all vacuum states, seen by a distant observer, homotopically equivalent making the introduct...

We report the results of a study of the reliability of anaphoric annotation which (i) involved a substantial number of naive subjects, (ii) used Krippendorff’s α instead of K to measure agreement, as recently proposed by Passonneau, and (iii) allowed annotators to mark anaphoric expressions as ambiguous.

To render specular surfaces, reflections play an important role to enhance the realism. For concave surfaces, the effects of self-reflections that the surface reflects a part of the surface itself are necessary to create realistic images. This paper presents an interactive rendering of rigid specular surfaces taking into account self-reflections. In the preprocess, sample rays incident onto eac...