This paper presents preliminary evidence on the internal consistency and validity of a scale designed to measure the degree to which one believes women managers experience a greater number of obstacles and more critical judgments about their work performance as compared to managerial men (the Stereotype Beliefs about Women Managers scale; SBWMS). Survey data from 1337 managerial and nonmanageri...

This paper presents preliminary evidence on the internal consistency and validity of a scale designed to measure the degree to which one believes women managers experience a greater number of obstacles and more critical judgments about their work performance as compared to managerial men (the Stereotype Beliefs about Women Managers scale; SBWMS). Survey data from 1337 managerial and nonmanageri...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to obtain a list of desirable skills and attributes of prospective educational programme directors as judged by potential employers of future directors. DESIGN An international mail survey was conducted worldwide, using a one-page, open-ended questionnaire. SETTING University of Illinois at Chicago, USA. SUBJECTS Deans, department heads and chief e...

OBJECTIVES Given the impact of the global economic crisis, delivering better health care with limited finance grows more challenging. Through the lens of institutional theory, this paper explores pressures experienced by hospital leaders to improve quality and constrain spending, focusing on how they respond to these often competing demands. METHODS An in-depth, multilevel analysis of health ...

Purpose: Recent global security surveys indicate that security training and awareness programs are not working as well as they could be and that investments made by organizations are inadequate. The purpose of the paper is to increase our understanding of this phenomenon and illuminate the problems that organizations face when trying to establish an information security awareness program. Desig...

To be cost-effective, field service managers must balance the high cost of machine downtime with the high cost of cross-training technicians in multiple skills. We study a field service system with three job types requiring three different skills. Each server has a primary skill, the cost of which is considered sunk, and up to two secondary skills, which is a managerial decision. We model two i...

We develop a novel framework that integrates an economy’s skill distribution with its occupational and industrial structure. Individuals become a manager or a worker based on their managerial vs. worker skills, and workers further sort into different occupations ranked by skill content. Our theory dictates that faster technological progress for middle-skill worker tasks not only raises the empl...