A method for estimating the near-surface wind vector over water using the airborne weather radar in addition to its standard navigational application is discussed. A case of an airplane rectilinear flight over the water surface is considered. The radar operates in the ground-mapping mode in the range of middle incidence angles as a scatterometer. Wind vector is recovered from the azimuth normal...

Aeolian sandstones are found intimately associated with Late Neoproterozoic ‘snowball Earth’ glacial deposits. Studying the nature of these aeolian deposits offers the great potential to elicit new and important information regarding the wind conditions during these extreme glacial intervals. Wind direction is the dominant paleoclimatic indicator that can be derived from aeolian deposits and on...

introduction shamal winds recognized as a climate regime with a common occurrence in the persian gulf makes periodically adverse weather conditions in this region. among the phenomena occurring under the influence of shamal wind, we can mention dust storms, low-level winds and turbulent marine conditions (rao, 2003). shamal winds are categorized into two types, winter shamal and summer shamal. ...

Anisotropic (direction-dependent) long-distance dispersal (LDD) by wind has been invoked to explain the strong floristic affinities shared among landmasses in the Southern Hemisphere. Its contribution has not yet been systematically tested because of the previous lack of global data on winds. We used global winds coverage from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration SeaWinds scatterom...

The relationship between ocean wind vectors and L-band normalized radar cross sections (NRCS) is comprehensively examined to propose an L-band model function by using the Phased-Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) and scatterometer wind data. Based on more than 90,000 match-ups, the L-band NRCS dependence on wind speed, incidence angle, and relative wind direction is modeled for the ...

In the event of a contaminant release, atmospheric transport and dispersion (AT&D) models would be used to predict the path of the contaminant plume. If monitored contaminant concentration data are available, various assimilation techniques can be applied to incorporate the data into the transport and dispersion model, and thus, more accurately predict the plume path. We refer to this as the fo...

This paper proposes a new control strategy based on Voronoi diagram for autonomous sailboats. This strategy applies the method of Voronoi diagram to decompose the space and uses a lookup table to make the boat sail as planned. The contribution of this paper is that for the first time it proposes an approach to control autonomous sailboats without the data from wind sensors (with data from GPS a...

We examined whether expertise effects are present in cutaneous wind perception. To this end, we presented wind stimuli consisting of different wind directions and speeds in a wind simulator. The wind simulator generated wind stimuli from 16 directions and with three speeds by means of eight automotive wind fans. Participants were asked to judge cutaneously perceived wind directions and speeds w...

Over 90% of the world trade is carried by the international shipping industry. As most of the countries are developing, seaborne trade continues to expand to bring benefits for consumers across the world. Studies show that world trade will increase 70-80% through shipping in the next 15-20 years. Present global fleet of 70000 commercial ships consumes approximately 200 million tonnes of diesel ...

Design wind loads are partly based on extreme value analyses of historical wind data, and limitations on the quantity and spatial resolution of wind data pose a significant challenge in such analyses. A promising source of recent wind speed and direction data is the automated surface observing system (ASOS), a network of about 1000 standardized US weather stations. To facilitate the use of ASOS...