The purpose of this paper was to summarize the findings of a literature review on the use of peroxide-based tooth-whitening agents in children and adolescents. Safety considerations, including localized adverse effects and toxicological concerns, are described. Oral findings include: (1) 1 in every 2 to 3 patients may experience tooth sensitivity and/or gingival irritation after bleaching treat...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bleaching effect of two mouth rinses containing hydrogen peroxide. Thirty premolars were randomly divided into two groups (n = 15): Listerine Whitening (LW) and Colgate Plax Whitening (PW). The teeth were fixed on a wax plate and with acrylic resin, at a distance of 5 mm between each other, exposing the buccal surfaces. All teeth were stored in artifici...

In this paper, we propose a novel joint semi-blind channel and data estimation technique based on Whitening Rotation (WR) method for Rayleigh flat fading Multiple Input Multiple output (MIMO) channel using different receiver antennas combinations. Here we divide newly proposed technique in three steps. In the first step, we use conventional Whitening Rotation based semi-blind channel estimation...

To evaluate the effect of skin-whitening cosmetics, there is currently available a method to evaluate the degree of the disappearance of pigmented areas produced by ultraviolet irradiation by applying a sample to the skin. This method is convenient for evaluating a cosmetic formula. In animal models, this method shows much less individual differences, and due to the easiness in preparing animal...

This in vitro study evaluated the whitening effect of four different over-the-counter products compared with a 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching gel. Specimens obtained from bovine incisors were stained in a tea solution and randomly divided into six groups according to the product used (n=10): CT: conventional toothpaste (negative control); CWT: Crest 3D White toothpaste; CWR: Crest 3D Whi...

BACKGROUND Extrinsic staining of teeth may result from the deposition of a variety of pigments into or onto the tooth surface, which originate mainly from diet or from tobacco use. More recently, clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of some chewing gums in removing extrinsic tooth staining. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of two nicotine medicated chewing gums (...

The direct detection of gravitational waves is a major goal of current astrophysics. We provide details of a new method for detecting a stochastic background of gravitational waves using pulsar timing data. Our results show that regular timing observations of 40 pulsars each with a timing accuracy of 100 ns will be able to make a direct detection of the predicted stochastic background from coal...

High quality music coders commonly use auditory masked thresholds to account for the characteristics of the human ear. Perceptual lters (based upon linear signal prediction used in speech coders) are compared to lters using masked thresholds. Using listening tests, we have noticed that the second method does not provide better perceptual results. A natural way of proceeding would be to de ne a ...

In this paper it is shown how estimates of local structure and orientation can be obtained using a set of spherically separable quadrature lters. The method is applicable to signals of any dimensionality the only requirement being that the lter set spans the corresponding orientation space. The estimates produced are 2:nd order tensors, the size of the tensors corresponding to the dimensionalit...

Titanium dioxide has been used in various industrial and cosmetic applications due to its unique elemental properties. This substance has a refractive index higher than most other compounds (n = 2.6142, in comparison to water at 20°C n = 1.33). This allows titanium dioxide to have an iridescent and bright quality. It has been used in the cosmetics industry for “whitening” and “thickening” in mu...