This paper models narrative as a complex adaptive system in which the temporal sequence of events constituting a story emerges out of cascading local interactions between nodes in a social network. The approach is not intended as a general theory of narrative, but rather as a particular generative mechanism relevant to several academic communities: (1) literary critics and narrative theorists i...

In the 1980s it was still possible to defend proudly and with impunity the traditional definition of plagiarism and the commonsensical delineation of scholarly standards and responsibilities. Take, for example, Peter Shaw’s 1982 essay on “Plagiary” in The American Scholar. His contentions and conclusions were simple and straightforward: that a plagiarist remains as Lord Chesterfield described h...

short story is one of the newborn literary genres that has drawn special attention of  literary men and researchers to itself in recent years because of its general effect on literature and its special influence on reader of a literary work. this article investigates short story comparatively in arabic and persian literature. the aim of this paper is to discover latent aspects of short story in...

the russian formalism is an approach was introduced at the beginning of 20th century and those who offered such a theory wanted to find a scientific method in literary criticism. they believed that the literary work itself should be criticized instead of its author and the literary nature of the work should be considered as the main subject.    adopting such a method, they propelled the study o...

â â â  as any method of criticisn enjoys a specific discourse and critics follow their specific style of criticism, crystallized in the concepts and, ideas they use or the mastery they show, this study investigates the critical concepts and strategies lå«wä«s 'äªwad uses in his work. we hope that we have been able to describe his characteristic critical style and his multidimensional appro...