THROUGHOUT THIS BOOK we have emphasized that all behavior is a function of the brain and that malfunctions of the brain give rise to characteristic disturbances of behavior. Behavior, in turn, is shaped by learning. How does learning act on the brain to change behavior? How is new information acquired and, once acquired, how is it retained? In the preceding chapter we saw that memory—the outcom...

This study examined sources of therapist effects in a sample of 25 therapists who saw 1,141 clients at a university counseling center. Clients completed the Outcome Questionnaire-45 (OQ-45) at each session. Therapists' facilitative interpersonal skills (FIS) were assessed with a performance task that measures therapists' interpersonal skills by rating therapist responses to video simulations of...

Haptics, like the fields of robotics and motion control, relies on high stiffness position control of electric motors. Traditionally DC motors are driven by current amplifiers and encoder-based position feedback creates virtual springs. Unfortunately, sensor quantization, discretization, and amplifier bandwidths impose performance limits, while the amplifiers work hard to cancel the motor’s ele...

Aiming at the nonlinear characteristic of ultrasonic motor, some control strategies have been proposed to control the rotating speed of ultrasonic motor. But most of these strategies are too complex to realize using a low-cost embedded device. In this paper, a simple fuzzy speed controller is designed for ultrasonic motor. Until now, there has no mature and theoretic design method of fuzzy cont...

Importance of elastic deformation control to obtain large output force with a surface acoustic wave (SAW) motor is discussed in this paper. By adding pre-load to slider, stator and slider surfaces are deformed in a few tens nanometer. Appropriate deformation in normal direction against normal vibration displacement amplitude of SAW existed. By moderate deformation, the output force of the SAW m...

The consistency of the two-phase mode responses is essential to ensure mechanical performance and stability traveling-wave ultrasonic motors. Due asymmetry stator, inevitable manufacturing errors, or imbalance excitation voltages, amplitudes standing waves cannot be exactly same, resulting in unstable operating USM. To improve motor decrease velocity fluctuation, a closed-loop control scheme co...