Moore swabs (sewer swabs) have been used successfully to culture pathogenic organisms from wastewater. Sensitivity seems to depend on the size of the waterway sampled as well as the number of organisms present. In Santiago, Chile, we placed 24 swabs into the sewers draining the homes of 10 known chronic carriers of typhoid. Swabs were positive for Salmonella typhi in 5 of the 10 households (50%...

A century after the opening of the Panama Canal, a second inter-oceanic passage is set to be built in Central America, this time in Nicaragua. The ambitious and astronomically expensive project promises to bring economic opportunity to a poor country but it also carries risks to its tropical ecosystems. Will the new waterway ultimately link two oceans or divide a continent? Michael Gross invest...

Introduction In 2018, the Rhine transport sector experienced an unprecedented low water crisis, during which large cargo vessels were no longer able to navigate on certain sections of river. This led a major disruption in inland waterway transport. article aims at questioning how crisis acted as stimulus for port authorities and their customers consider risks assets operations window opportunit...

With increased flood risk due to climate change, population expansion and urbanisation; robust waterway design management are critical. One common type of used gather transport ground water is the open channel. Most simulations do not account for physical roughness bed, instead using a coefficient. This means that only turbulent energy content can be modelled whilst eddies vortices cannot. Furt...

In recent years, China keeps working on restructuring the country’s multimodal transport and highly develops high-speed rail (HSR) infrastructure to improve efficiency. As economic engine of China, Yangtze River Delta region leading HSR development transporting modal transformation within whole country. The fast one hand improves passengers’ travel efficiency and, other hand, releases capacity ...

Abstract Currently Zhejiang ports have gradually changed from large-scale expansion to high-quality upgrading development, and pay attention the integrated development with railway, aviation, highway other transportation modes. In 2019, Province proposed a new pattern of “Four-port Linkage” seaports (including inland ports) as leader, dry basis, airports characteristics infoport link, in which ...

A bloom of Karenia brevis Davis developed in September 2007 near Jacksonville, Florida and subsequently progressed south through east Florida coastal waters and the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (ICW). Maximum cell abundances exceeded 106 cells L-1 through October in the northern ICW between Jacksonville and the Indian River Lagoon. The bloom progressed further south during November, and termi...