[1] We analyze the seasonal variations of Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) accompanying the variations in sea surface temperature (SST) from satellite observations and model simulations, focusing on the tropical oceans where the two quantities are strikingly anti-correlated. A spectral perspective of this ‘‘super-greenhouse effect’’ is provided, which demonstrates the roles of water vapor line...

[1] At present, two Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on board the NASA Terra and Aqua Spacecraft platforms are operational for global remote sensing of the land, ocean, and atmosphere. In this paper, we describe an algorithm for water vapor derivations using several MODIS near-IR channels. The derivations are made over areas that have reflective surfaces in the ...

The surface heat transfer efficiency of three heating media (water, and forced air with and without a water vapor-pressure deficit) was compared using four commodities: mango, papaya, grapefruit, and orange. Forced vapor-saturated-air (VFA), and water (HW) transferred heat most efficiently to the fruit surface. Thermal stress to the fruit was greatest during heating in VFA. Thermal diffusivity ...

sReceived 26 July 2004; accepted 9 November 2004; published online 20 January 2005d We show that low partial pressures of water vapor s10−5 Pad dramatically increase the intensity of neutral Na and Cl emissions from cleaved, single-crystal NaCl during pulsed laser irradiation at 248 nm sKrF excimerd. The time-of-flight distributions of these emissions are consistent with thermal desorption from...

Four sulfur-containing compounds important to tropospheric chemistry have been examined at the vapor/H2O and vapor/D2O interfaces. These adsorbates, DMS, DMSO, DMSO2, and DMSO3, were studied by surface tension and vibrational sum-frequency spectroscopy (VSFS). Each adsorbate is surface active and each orients with the hydrophobic methyl groups pointed out of the plane of the interface. Their in...

We measured the pH, water-vapor permeability, adhesive force, peeling-force, elongation rate, support flexibility, and peeling time of medicinal and over-the-counter (OTC) tape preparations containing felbinac. When measuring the pH of each preparation, Felnabion (pH 4.5) was weakly acidic, and EMEC and Tokuon (pH 7.0) were neutral. When measuring the water-vapor permeability of each preparatio...

background: car wash waste water contains several contaminants such as organic matter, oil, grease, detergents and phosphates, all of which are harmful for the environment. in this study, the application of electrocoagulation (ec) to treat car wash waste water has been studied, and the operating parameters optimized. the electro-fenton (ef) for further contaminant removal was also investigated....

background: car wash wastewater contains several contaminants such as organic matter, oil, grease, detergents and phosphates, all of which are harmful for the environment. in this study, the application of electrocoagulation (ec) to treat car wash wastewater has been studied, and the operating parameters optimized. the electro-fenton (ef) for further contaminant removal was also investigated. m...

Measurements of soil volumetric moisture content and temperature were made at 2, 4, 7, 10, and 15 cm below the surface of a bare field soil, over a 1-week period at 20-min intervals. The conductive heat and liquid moisture fluxes were calculated for the soil layer 7–10 cm below the surface, and the water vapor flux was then determined from both the energy transfer and mass transfer equations. W...

Water and salt transport properties were determined in a family of sulfonated pentablock copolymers to characterize their potential as chlorine-tolerant desalination membrane materials. The degree of sulfonation, block molecular weight, and casting conditions can be independently varied to tune the transport properties of these materials. Data for water uptake, water permeability, salt permeabi...