Climate change hazards, including increased temperatures, drought, sea level rise, extreme precipitation, wildfires, and changes in freeze–thaw cycles, are expected to degrade drinking water utility system infrastructure decrease the reliability of provision. To assess how manager perceptions these risks affect planning, 60 semistructured interviews were conducted with utilities various sizes, ...

The preparation of crystalline bis-trimethylsilylcefamandole (7) and its utility in the preparation and purification of cefamandole are described. Although stable to solvolysis in isopropyl alcohol, 7 underwent smooth conversion to cefamandole in the presence of water, methanol, or ethanol.

Abstract The aim of this work is to provide the necessary steps acquire total cost water at industrial facilities. Therefore, research was developed in three parts: literature review identify available tools related management; a case study context dairy industry; and an analysis discussion results achieved. Water applications for process utility end-users manufacturing require pre- post-treatm...

The global effort toward sustainable development has initiated a transition in water management. Water utility companies use water-pricing policies as an instrument for controlling residential water demand. To support policy makers in their decisions, the authors have developed DAWN, a hybrid model for evaluating water-pricing policies. DAWN integrates an agent-based social model for the consum...