Rising demand for food, fiber, and biofuels drives expanding irrigation withdrawals from surface water and groundwater. Irrigation efficiency and water savings have become watchwords in response to climate-induced hydrological variability, increasing freshwater demand for other uses including ecosystem water needs, and low economic productivity of irrigation compared to most other uses. We iden...

The relative impacts of different types of land use on the surface water quality are yet to be ascertained and quantified. In this paper, the influence of different types of land use on surface water quality is investigated. Rain events samples from different land use in the central plateau, Iran, were analyzed for major ions. Statistical analyses were employed to examine the statistical relati...

The scarcity of water resources and supply resources limitation, have caused an increasing gap between water supply and demand specially in recent decades in almost all regions of the globe. One of the best known solutions proposed by the economists is using the different water pricing approaches thereby obtaining the optimal allocation and social justice. To this purpose, this paper uses the p...

We propose a model for the water-oxidation and recovery systems of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of the photosystem II (PSII) enzyme. The whole system is constructed from two catalytic cycles, conducted as a tandem reaction: (i) a water-oxidation loop uses cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate as an oxidant to activate a dimanganese complex for water-oxidation and thereby liberate a molecule of O2 an...

recent droughts and indiscriminate use of ground water for agriculture, is the main problems of the especially desert country.water crisis has gripped all of country plains, and due tothe reduction of surface water resources and successive droughts, illegal exploitation of ground water resources is increasing.the knowledge of the water balance plains can be helped in the water resources managem...