A nonprofit primary care, substance abuse and mental health treatment provider that operates nine separate residential treatment facilities in both northern and southern California began allowing clients to keep their mobile phones while in treatment. From the advent of mobile phone technology and its widespread adoption through early 2013, the organization prohibited clients from having phones...

BACKGROUND Low back pain is highly prevalent and one of the most common causes of disability in U.S. armed forces personnel. Currently, no single therapeutic method has been established as a gold standard treatment for this increasingly prevalent condition. One commonly used treatment, which has demonstrated consistent positive outcomes in terms of pain and function within a civilian population...

BACKGROUND Pediatric subspecialists are often separated from the children who need them by distance, time, or socioeconomic factors. The Electronic Children's Hospital of the Pacific is an Internet-based store-and-forward pediatric consultation system established to overcome these barriers. OBJECTIVE To characterize the use of the Electronic Children's Hospital of the Pacific and its impact o...

Low-dose oral contraceptives (OCs) were approved by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in 1999. However, few women use low-dose OCs (married 1.9%, unmarried 0.7%). A survey of pharmacies was conducted to determine the current status of OC transactions. Of the 449 pharmacies randomly selected from each prefecture in Japan, 408 agreed to be interviewed. The survey results indicate...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem in Ethiopia. In 2010 the TB treatment regimen was shortened from 8 to 6-months treatment. With this new regimen, the full course of treatment should be taken under Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) unlike the 8-month regimen where TB patients were only observed during the intensive phase, this has not been tried before and may be diffi...

The genus Aeromonas is ubiquitous in aquatic environments encompassing a broad range of fish and human pathogens. Aeromonas strains are known for their enhanced capacity to acquire and exchange antibiotic resistance genes and therefore, are frequently targeted as indicator bacteria for monitoring antimicrobial resistance in aquatic environments. This study evaluated temporal trends in Aeromonas...

A system of a systems approach that analyzes energy and water simultaneously is called energy-water nexus. Neglecting the interrelationship between drives vulnerabilities whereby limits on one resource can cause constraints other resource. Power plant production directly depends availability, an outage power will affect wastewater treatment facility processes. Therefore, it essential to integra...