This work explores multiaxial stress effects on fatigue crack nucleation and growth in filled natural rubber based on experiments using short thin-walled cylindrical specimens subjected to axial and twist displacements. Cyclic stress–strain response exhibits significant initial softening relative to the monotonic response, followed by a more gradual additional softening. Irreversible breakage o...

Approaching a dangerous bifurcation, from which a dynamical system such as the Earth's climate will jump (tip) to a different state, the current stable state lies within a shrinking basin of attraction. Persistence of the state becomes increasingly precarious in the presence of noisy disturbances. We argue that one needs to extract information about the nonlinear features (a 'softening') of the...

There are more and tunnel projects in the karst-developed areas Southwest China. Affected by karst caves water, tunnels often experience geological disasters such as local collapses water inrush. A simplified rock stress hardening-softening model was established based on triaxial compression test results of two kinds carbonatite to accurately analyze deformation inrush characteristics surroundi...

Excessive softening of fruits during the ripening process leads to deterioration. This is of significant global importance as softening-mediated deterioration leads to huge postharvest losses. N-glycan processing enzymes are reported to play an important role during climacteric fruit softening: however, to date these enzymes have not been characterized in non-climacteric fruit. Two ripening-spe...

Thousands of medium and low steam boilers hot water operate in the country's industry, municipal energy agriculture. Their reliable operation is largely determined by maintenance a rational water-chemical regime. The main problems source are presence dissolved oxygen, iron ions, salts calcium, magnesium.
 aim work to analyze existing technologies equipment for treatment different types boi...

the main postharvest problems of persimmon in iran are severe softening and disease incidence on the fruits during storage. therefore, delay in softening and/or control of diseases result in the storage life extension of persimmon fruit. the strategy of induced disease resistance in plants by biotic and abiotic treatments is an attractive method for controlling diseases. salicylic acid (sa) is ...

The origin of root softening during cassava retting was investigated in a natural retting and in a sterile fermentation. Softening only occurred in the natural retting. Although high activities of endogenous pectin methyl esterase were found in cassava extracts from both fermentations, the depolymerizing enzymes polygalacturonase, active at low pH, and pectate lyase were only found in the non-s...

This study compares the capability of two different mathematical forms of the so-called softening variable to describe strain-induced stress softening observed within cyclic uniaxial tension of the human thoracic aorta. Specifically, the softening variable, which serves as the stress reduction factor, was considered to be tangent hyperbolic-based and error function-based. The mechanical respons...